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Nickel-catalyzed electrochemical carboxylation of unactivated aryl and alkyl halides with CO2
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Nickel-catalyzed electrochemical carboxylation of unactivated aryl and alkyl halides with CO2
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Nickel-catalyzed electrochemical carboxylation of unactivated aryl and alkyl halides with CO2
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Journal Article
Nickel-catalyzed electrochemical carboxylation of unactivated aryl and alkyl halides with CO2
2021
Overview
Electrochemical catalytic reductive cross couplings are powerful and sustainable methods to construct C−C bonds by using electron as the clean reductant. However, activated substrates are used in most cases. Herein, we report a general and practical electro-reductive Ni-catalytic system, realizing the electrocatalytic carboxylation of unactivated aryl chlorides and alkyl bromides with CO
2
. A variety of unactivated aryl bromides, iodides and sulfonates can also undergo such a reaction smoothly. Notably, we also realize the catalytic electrochemical carboxylation of aryl (pseudo)halides with CO
2
avoiding the use of sacrificial electrodes. Moreover, this sustainable and economic strategy with electron as the clean reductant features mild conditions, inexpensive catalyst, safe and cheap electrodes, good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the reaction might proceed via oxidative addition of aryl halides to Ni(0) complex, the reduction of aryl-Ni(II) adduct to the Ni(I) species and following carboxylation with CO
2
.
Electrochemistry is a promising approach to make existing chemical protocols milder, but many simple transformations of feedstocks are still out of reach. Here, the authors transform unactivated aryl and alkyl (pseudo)halides into carboxylic acids, via nickel catalysis and electricity, using atmospheric CO
2
as the carbon source.
