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Flight performance and the factors affecting the flight behaviour of Philaenus spumarius the main vector of Xylella fastidiosa in Europe
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Flight performance and the factors affecting the flight behaviour of Philaenus spumarius the main vector of Xylella fastidiosa in Europe
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Journal Article
Flight performance and the factors affecting the flight behaviour of Philaenus spumarius the main vector of Xylella fastidiosa in Europe
2021
Overview
The recent emergence of
Xylella fastidiosa
in Europe is a major threat to agriculture, including olive, almond and grape.
Philaenus spumarius
is the predominant vector of
X. fastidiosa
in Europe. Understanding vector movement is critical for developing effective control measures against bacterial spread. In this study, our goal was to set up a flight-mill protocol to assess
P. spumarius
flight potential and to analyse how different variables may affect its flight behaviour. We found that
P. spumarius
was able to fly ≈ 500 m in 30 min with a maximum single flight of 5.5 km in 5.4 h. Based on the observations, the flight potential of the females was higher in spring and autumn than in summer, and that of the males was highest in autumn. Moreover, we found that
P. spumarius
had a higher flight potential during the morning and the night than during the afternoon. Our results revealed that
P. spumarius
is likely to disperse much further than the established sizes of the infected and buffer zones designated by the EU. This knowledge on the flight potential of
P. spumarius
will be critical for improving management actions against
P. spumarius
and the spread of
X. fastidiosa
in Europe.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
