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Inequalities reinforced through online and distance education in the age of COVID-19
Inequalities reinforced through online and distance education in the age of COVID-19
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Inequalities reinforced through online and distance education in the age of COVID-19
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Inequalities reinforced through online and distance education in the age of COVID-19
Inequalities reinforced through online and distance education in the age of COVID-19

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Inequalities reinforced through online and distance education in the age of COVID-19
Inequalities reinforced through online and distance education in the age of COVID-19
Journal Article

Inequalities reinforced through online and distance education in the age of COVID-19

2021
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Overview
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has triggered serious disruption in economic, social and cultural dynamics around the globe. Higher education has also suffered undeniable challenges as a result of the pandemic, with thousands of university students all over the world experiencing displacement, disconnect and disengagement from formal learning. In the Global South, online and distance education programmes tend to be concentrated in urban centres. In Nepal, students from rural areas, low socio-economic and gendered spaces, and those with low proficiencies in English and technological skills are experiencing inequalities in access to and participation in online and distance education. This article outlines how universities’ shift to online teaching and learning modes due to the COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced social inequalities in Nepal. For the study presented here, the author collected data through netnographic research methods. These included online interviews with university executives, online focus group discussions (FGDs) with university teachers and students, observation of and participation in online classes and policy conferences and reviews of online documents. The article analyses three overriding mechanisms which are reinforcing social inequalities in higher education: (1) universities’ policy trajectories in shifting teaching/learning from face-to-face to online mode; (2) infrastructural limitations challenging effective implementation of online teaching/learning; and (3) a lack of strong pedagogic support for students from disadvantaged and marginalised spaces, including those with low proficiencies in English and technological skills. The author presents a number of tangible strategies for universities to implement in order to mitigate social inequalities. He recommends the adoption of policies and practices that optimise the inclusive use of online and distance education programmes for best effect, both now and in the post-pandemic era. L’aggravation des inégalités en raison de l’éducation en ligne et à distance à l’ère de la COVID-19: le cas de l’enseignement supérieur au Népal – La COVID-19, maladie due au coronavirus, perturbe gravement la dynamique économique, sociale et culturelle aux quatre coins du globe. Avec des milliers d’étudiants universitaires du monde entier déplacés, déconnectés et désengagés de l’apprentissage formel, l’enseignement supérieur s’est vu confronté à d’indéniables difficultés provoquées par la pandémie. Dans les pays du Sud, les programmes d’éducation en ligne et à distance tendent à se concentrer dans des centres urbains. Au Népal, les étudiants des zones rurales, de communautés socio-économiques défavorisées et genrées, et qui maîtrisent mal l’anglais et l’informatique se trouvent confrontés à des inégalités quant à l’accès et la participation à l’éducation en ligne et à distance. Cet article expose brièvement comment le passage des universités à des modes d’enseignement et d’apprentissage en ligne, dû à la pandémie de COVID-19, a creusé les inégalités au Népal. Pour l’étude présentée ici, l’auteur a collecté des données selon des méthodes de recherche netnographiques, en s’appuyant, notamment, sur des interviews en ligne avec des dirigeants d’universités, sur des discussions de groupe en ligne avec des enseignants et étudiants universitaires, sur l’observation de cours et de conférences politiques en ligne – et la participation à ces cours et conférences – et sur l’analyse de documents en ligne. L’article analyse trois mécanismes prépondérants qui creusent les inégalités sociales dans le domaine de l’enseignement supérieur: (1) la démarche politique des universités concernant la transition de l’enseignement/de l’apprentissage en face-à-face au mode en ligne; (2) les limites infrastructurelles qui compliquent la mise en œuvre efficace de l’enseignement/de l’apprentissage en ligne; (3) enfin, l’absence de soutien pédagogique puissant pour les étudiants de communautés défavorisées et marginalisées, y compris ceux qui maîtrisent mal l’anglais et l’informatique. L’auteur présente tout un ensemble de stratégies concrètes que les universités pourraient mettre en œuvre pour réduire les inégalités sociales. Il recommande l’adoption de politiques et de pratiques optimisant l’utilisation inclusive de programmes d’enseignement en ligne et à distance pour garantir des résultats optimaux, tant maintenant que quand la pandémie appartiendra au passé.