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Journal Article
Proximity superconductivity in atom-by-atom crafted quantum dots
2023
Overview
Gapless materials in electronic contact with superconductors acquire proximity-induced superconductivity in a region near the interface
1
,
2
. Numerous proposals build on this addition of electron pairing to originally non-superconducting systems and predict intriguing phases of matter, including topological
3
–
7
, odd-frequency
8
, nodal-point
9
or Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov
10
superconductivity. Here we investigate the most miniature example of the proximity effect on only a single spin-degenerate quantum level of a surface state confined in a quantum corral
11
on a superconducting substrate, built atom by atom by a scanning tunnelling microscope. Whenever an eigenmode of the corral is pitched close to the Fermi energy by adjusting the size of the corral, a pair of particle–hole symmetric states enters the gap of the superconductor. We identify these as spin-degenerate Andreev bound states theoretically predicted 50 years ago by Machida and Shibata
12
, which had—so far—eluded detection by tunnel spectroscopy but were recently shown to be relevant for transmon qubit devices
13
,
14
. We further find that the observed anticrossings of the in-gap states are a measure of proximity-induced pairing in the eigenmodes of the quantum corral. Our results have direct consequences on the interpretation of impurity-induced in-gap states in superconductors, corroborate concepts to induce superconductivity into surface states and further pave the way towards superconducting artificial lattices.
Proximity-induced superconductivity on a single spin-degenerate quantum level of a surface state confined in a quantum corral on a superconducting substrate built atom by atom by a scanning tunnelling microscope is investigated.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
