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Improved Nasal Airflow Is Associated With Olfactory Recovery in a Large Population of Patients With COVID‐19‐Related Olfactory Dysfunction
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Improved Nasal Airflow Is Associated With Olfactory Recovery in a Large Population of Patients With COVID‐19‐Related Olfactory Dysfunction
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Journal Article
Improved Nasal Airflow Is Associated With Olfactory Recovery in a Large Population of Patients With COVID‐19‐Related Olfactory Dysfunction
2025
Overview
Objective Nasal airflow is essential for delivering odorants to the olfactory epithelium. With increasing evidence demonstrating a strong link between nasal airflow and olfaction, we conducted a large multicenter retrospective study to further examine if nasal airflow can influence olfactory recovery in patients with COVID‐19‐related olfactory dysfunction (C19OD). Methods Patients with reported C19OD received Sniffin’ Sticks extended set, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), and VAS for smell (sVAS) at baseline (T0). Subjects with a confirmed OD at T0 were offered a second follow‐up, averaged at 6 months (T1). All tests were repeated at T1. Results Two hundred and five patients (median age 46) with a median length of OD of 1.1 years were seen at T0. One hundred and eleven dysosmics at T0 were seen at T1. At T1 43 patients (38.7%) recovered their sense of smell. A statistically significant improvement was observed for PNIF (p = 0.001) and sVAS (p < 0.001) in the whole population at T1. A statistically significant difference was noted for all the olfactory scores and sVAS (p < 0.001 for all) between normosmic and dysosmic subjects at T1. When we looked at changes in the scores between T0–T1, statistically significant correlations were observed between changes (Δ) in PNIF and Δthreshold (rho = 0.24 and p = 0.015), ΔPNIF and ΔTDI (rho = 0.22 and p = 0.021). An increase in ΔPNIF of 77.4 L/min corresponded to a 65% probability of reaching the normosmic level, with olfactory threshold being the more sensitive to PNIF changes. Conclusion Improvement in nasal airflow can have a positive impact on smell recovery and on olfactory threshold in particular, highlighting its importance in persistent C19OD. Level of Evidence 3.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,Wiley
Subject
