Asset Details
Do you wish to reserve the book?
Resistance to type 2 diabetes mellitus: a matter of hormesis?
Hey, we have placed the reservation for you!
By the way, why not check out events that you can attend while you pick your title.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place the reservation. Kindly try again later.
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
Resistance to type 2 diabetes mellitus: a matter of hormesis?
Do you wish to request the book?
Resistance to type 2 diabetes mellitus: a matter of hormesis?
Please be aware that the book you have requested cannot be checked out. If you would like to checkout this book, you can reserve another copy
We have requested the book for you!
Your request is successful and it will be processed during the Library working hours. Please check the status of your request in My Requests.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place your request. Kindly try again later.
Journal Article
Resistance to type 2 diabetes mellitus: a matter of hormesis?
2012
Overview
This Review discusses the emerging concept that resistance to the metabolic adverse effects of lifestyle factors is mediated by an adaptive response to cellular stress, counteracting mechanisms that otherwise lead to impaired insulin signaling and β cell failure. This response exhibits characteristics of hormesis, originally described in toxicology, whereby exposure of cells, tissues or organisms to low levels of toxin induces resistance to higher toxin concentrations.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by subclinical systemic inflammation and impaired regulation of blood glucose levels. Interestingly, impairment of glycemic control occurs despite substantial insulin secretion early in the course of this disease. Dysfunction of several organs (including pancreatic islets, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, gut, hypothalamus and the immune system) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, diabetes-promoting lifestyle factors do not inevitably cause disease in all persons exposed. Hence, defense mechanisms must exist that can keep the detrimental influence of these risk factors at bay. Hormesis describes the phenomenon that exposure to a mild stressor confers resistance to subsequent, otherwise harmful, conditions of increased stress. This Review discusses the emerging concept that the effectiveness of an adaptive (hormetic) response to detrimental lifestyle factors determines the extent of protection from progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further analysis of these protective hormetic responses at the molecular level should help to identify novel targets for preventive or therapeutic intervention in patients at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus or those with overt disease.
Key Points
Not all persons exposed to diabetes-promoting lifestyle factors develop type 2 diabetes mellitus
Even individuals with obesity or metabolic syndrome might not progress to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus
Defense mechanisms must exist that maintain insulin sensitivity and/or pancreatic β-cell survival despite long-term metabolic stress
Such defense mechanisms comprise protective responses to inflammatory stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Defense responses exhibit properties of hormesis; for example, mild or transient stress induces an adaptive response that provides protection from increased, otherwise damaging stress
Pharmacological intervention might promote protective hormetic responses, which suggests novel research avenues for the prevention and/or treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
