Journal Article

Immobilization of lead in contaminated firing range soil using biochar

Koutsospyros, Agamemnon, Park, Jae-Woo, Ok, Yong Sik, Baek, Kitae, Moon, Deok Hyun, Lee, Sang Soo, Ahmad, Mahtab, Park, Jeong-Hun, Chang, Yoon-Young

2013

Overview

Soybean stover-derived biochar was used to immobilize lead (Pb) in military firing range soil at a mass application rate of 0 to 20 wt.% and a curing period of 7 days. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. The mechanism responsible for Pb immobilization in military firing range soil was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy analyses. The treatment results showed that TCLP Pb leachability decreased with increasing biochar content. A reduction of over 90 % in Pb leachability was achieved upon treatment with 20 wt.% soybean stover-derived biochar. SEM-EDX, elemental dot mapping and XAFS results in conjunction with TCLP leachability revealed that effective Pb immobilization was probably associated with the pozzolanic reaction products, chloropyromorphite and Pb-phosphate. The results of this study demonstrated that soybean stover-derived biochar was effective in immobilizing Pb in contaminated firing range soil.

• Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Adsorption / application rate / Aquatic Pollution / Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution / biochar / Charcoal / Charcoal - chemistry / chemistry / Contaminated Land / Earth and Environmental Science / Ecological Assessment and Remediation Conference Series (CLEAR 2012) : Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessments / Ecotoxicology / Engineering / Environment / Environmental Chemistry / Environmental engineering / Environmental Health / Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods / Environmental science / Firing ranges / Heavy metals / Kinetics / Leaching / Lead / Lead - chemistry / Lead content / methods / Minerals / Minerals - chemistry / Models, Chemical / Performance evaluation / Phosphates / Phosphates - chemistry / Raw materials / Scanning electron microscopy / soil / Soil - chemistry / Soil contamination / Soil Pollutants / Soil Pollutants - chemistry / Solids / Soybeans / spectroscopy / Spectrum analysis / Stover / Studies / Toxicity / Waste Water Technology / Water Management / Water Pollution Control / Weapons / X-ray spectroscopy