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AaMYC3 bridges the regulation of glandular trichome density and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua
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AaMYC3 bridges the regulation of glandular trichome density and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua
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Journal Article
AaMYC3 bridges the regulation of glandular trichome density and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua
2025
Overview
Summary Artemisinin, the well‐known natural product for treating malaria, is biosynthesised and stored in the glandular‐secreting trichomes (GSTs) of Artemisia annua. While numerous efforts have clarified artemisinin metabolism and regulation, the molecular association between artemisinin biosynthesis and GST development remains elusive. Here, we identified AaMYC3, a bHLH transcription factor of A. annua, induced by jasmonic acid (JA), which simultaneously regulates GST density and artemisinin biosynthesis. Overexpressing AaMYC3 led to a substantial increase in GST density and artemisinin accumulation. Conversely, in the RNAi‐AaMYC3 lines, both GST density and artemisinin content were markedly reduced. Through RNA‐seq and analyses conducted both in vivo and in vitro, AaMYC3 not only directly activates AaHD1 transcription, initiating GST development, but also up‐regulates the expression of artemisinin biosynthetic genes, including CYP71AV1 and ALDH1, thereby promoting artemisinin production. Furthermore, AaMYC3 acts as a co‐activator, interacting with AabHLH1 and AabHLH113, to trigger the transcription of two crucial enzymes in the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway, ADS and DBR2, ultimately boosting yield. Our findings highlight a critical connection between GST initiation and artemisinin biosynthesis in A. annua, providing a new target for molecular design breeding of traditional Chinese medicine.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subject
/ Artemisia annua - metabolism
/ Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - genetics
/ Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - metabolism
/ Cotton
/ Cyclopentanes - pharmacology
/ Density
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
/ Genes
/ Genomes
/ gland‐secreting trichome (GST)
/ Leaves
/ Malaria
/ Oriental traditional medicine
/ Plasmids
/ Tobacco
/ Traditional Chinese medicine
/ Trees
