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Journal Article
Nonlinear lattice dynamics as a basis for enhanced superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O6.5
2014
Overview
Femtosecond X-ray diffraction and
ab initio
density functional theory calculations are used to determine the crystal structure of YBa
2
Cu
3
O
6.5
undergoing optically driven, nonlinear lattice excitation above the transition temperature of 52 kelvin, under which conditions the electronic structure of the material changes in such a way as to favour superconductivity.
Structure of superconducting YBa
2
Cu
3
O
6+
x
Andrea Cavalleri and colleagues use femtosecond X-ray diffraction measurements and
ab initio
density functional theory calculations to determine the crystal structure of YBa
2
Cu
3
O
6+
x
undergoing optically driven, nonlinear lattice excitation at 100 kelvin. In this exotic non-equilibrium state, the electronic structure of the material changes in such a way as to favour superconductivity. The results reveal that in the driven state the superconducting planes are displaced closer and away from one another in a staggered manner, explaining how superconducting coupling can be enhanced or reduced, inside and between the bilayers.
Terahertz-frequency optical pulses can resonantly drive selected vibrational modes in solids and deform their crystal structures
1
,
2
,
3
. In complex oxides, this method has been used to melt electronic order
4
,
5
,
6
, drive insulator-to-metal transitions
7
and induce superconductivity
8
. Strikingly, coherent interlayer transport strongly reminiscent of superconductivity can be transiently induced up to room temperature (300 kelvin) in YBa
2
Cu
3
O
6+
x
(refs
9
,
10
). Here we report the crystal structure of this exotic non-equilibrium state, determined by femtosecond X-ray diffraction and
ab initio
density functional theory calculations. We find that nonlinear lattice excitation in normal-state YBa
2
Cu
3
O
6+
x
at above the transition temperature of 52 kelvin causes a simultaneous increase and decrease in the Cu–O
2
intra-bilayer and, respectively, inter-bilayer distances, accompanied by anisotropic changes in the in-plane O–Cu–O bond buckling. Density functional theory calculations indicate that these motions cause drastic changes in the electronic structure. Among these, the enhancement in the
character of the in-plane electronic structure is likely to favour superconductivity.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK
Subject
