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Biomolecular condensates in cancer biology
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Journal Article
Biomolecular condensates in cancer biology
2022
Overview
Understanding the characteristics of cancer cells is essential for the development of improved diagnosis and therapeutics. From a gene regulation perspective, the super‐enhancer concept has been introduced to systematically understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the identities of various cell types and has been extended to the analysis of cancer cells and cancer genome alterations. In addition, several characteristic features of super‐enhancers have led to the recognition of the link between gene regulation and biomolecular condensates, which is often mediated by liquid‐liquid phase separation. Several lines of evidence have suggested molecular and biophysical principles and their alterations in cancer cells, which are particularly associated with gene regulation and cell signaling (“ transcriptional” and “signaling” condensates). These findings collectively suggest that the modification of biomolecular condensates represents an important mechanism by which cancer cells acquire various cancer hallmark traits and establish functional innovation for cancer initiation and progression. The condensate model also provides the molecular basis of the vulnerability of cancer cells to transcriptional perturbation and further suggests the possibility of therapeutic targeting of condensates. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the relationships between super‐enhancers and biomolecular condensate models, multiple scenarios of condensate alterations in cancers, and the potential of the condensate model for therapeutic development. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the relationships between super‐enhancers and the biomolecular condensates, multiple scenarios of condensate alterations in cancer, and the potentials of the condensate model for therapeutic development. Modification of biomolecular condensates may be important mechanisms by which cancer cells acquire various cancer hallmark traits and establish functional innovation for cancer initiation and progression.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subject
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
/ Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
/ Biology
/ Biomolecular Condensates - drug effects
/ Biomolecular Condensates - genetics
/ Biomolecular Condensates - pathology
/ Cancer
/ Disease
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - drug effects
/ Genomes
/ Humans
/ Intrinsically Disordered Proteins - genetics
/ intrinsically disordered region
/ Leukemia
/ liquid‐liquid phase separation
/ Mutation
/ Review
