Journal Article

Advanced maternal age is a risk factor for both early and late gestational diabetes mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children's Study

Sugiyama, Takashi, Izumi, Seiya, Obara, Taku, Hamada, Hirotaka, Miura, Yuichiro, Metoki, Hirohito, Arima, Takahiro, Iwama, Noriyuki, Tomita, Hasumi, Kudo, Rie, Ota, Chiharu, Ishikuro, Mami, Saito, Masatoshi, Tagami, Kazuma, Kumagai, Natsumi, Wang, Hongxin, Yaegashi, Nobuo, Kuriyama, Shinichi, Watanabe, Zen

2025

Overview

Aims This study investigated the association between maternal age and early and late gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods In total, 72,270 pregnant women were included in this prospective birth cohort study. Associations between maternal age and early GDM (diagnosed at <24 gestational weeks) and late GDM (diagnosed at ≥24 gestational weeks) were evaluated using a multinomial logistic regression model with possible confounding factors. The reference category was maternal age of 30–34.9 years. Results Higher maternal age was associated with higher odds of early and late GDM (P‐value for trend <0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively). The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for early GDM with maternal age of 35–39.9 years and ≥40 were 1.399 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.134–1.725) and 2.494 (95% CI: 1.828–3.402), respectively. The aORs for late GDM with maternal age of 35–39 years and ≥40 were 1.603 (95% CI: 1.384–1.857) and 2.276 (95% CI: 1.798–2.881), respectively. Conclusions Higher maternal age was associated with an increased risk of GDM regardless of when GDM was diagnosed. The association between maternal age and early GDM was similar to that between maternal age and late GDM. Higher maternal age was associated with an increased risk of GDM regardless of when GDM was diagnosed. The association between maternal age and early GDM was similar to that between maternal age and late GDM.

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Adult / Advanced Maternal Age / Birth weight / Children & youth / Datasets / Diabetes / Diabetes mellitus / Diabetes, Gestational - epidemiology / Diabetes, Gestational - etiology / Female / Follow-Up Studies / Gestational age / Gestational diabetes / Glucose / Humans / Insulin resistance / Japan - epidemiology / Legalization / Maternal Age / Missing data / Monte Carlo simulation / Original / Pregnancy / Prognosis / Prospective Studies / Questionnaires / Regression analysis / Risk Factors / Statistical analysis / Womens health