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Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species causing apple bitter rot in New York and description of C. noveboracense sp. nov
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Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species causing apple bitter rot in New York and description of C. noveboracense sp. nov
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Journal Article
Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species causing apple bitter rot in New York and description of C. noveboracense sp. nov
2020
Overview
Apple bitter rot caused by
Colletotrichum
species is a growing problem worldwide.
Colletotrichum
spp. are economically important but taxonomically un-resolved. Identification of
Colletotrichum
spp. is critical due to potential species-level differences in pathogenicity-related characteristics. A 400-isolate collection from New York apple orchards were morphologically assorted to two groups,
C. acutatum
species complex (
CASC
) and
C. gloeosporioides
species complex (
CGSC
). A sub-sample of 44 representative isolates, spanning the geographical distribution and apple varieties, were assigned to species based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of
nrITS, GAPDH
and
TUB2
for
CASC
, and
ITS, GAPDH, CAL, ACT, TUB2, APN2, ApMat
and
GS
genes for
CGSC
. The dominant species was
C. fioriniae
, followed by
C. chrysophilum
and a novel species,
C. noveboracense
, described in this study. This study represents the first report of
C. chrysophilum
and
C. noveboracense
as pathogens of apple. We assessed the enzyme activity and fungicide sensitivity for isolates identified in New York. All isolates showed amylolytic, cellulolytic and lipolytic, but not proteolytic activity.
C. chrysophilum
showed the highest cellulase and the lowest lipase activity, while
C. noveboracense
had the highest amylase activity. Fungicide assays showed that
C. fioriniae
was sensitive to benzovindiflupyr and thiabendazole, while
C. chrysophilum
and
C. noveboracense
were sensitive to fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin and difenoconazole. All species were pathogenic on apple fruit with varying lesion sizes. Our findings of differing pathogenicity-related characteristics among the three species demonstrate the importance of accurate species identification for any downstream investigations of
Colletotrichum
spp. in major apple growing regions.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
