Journal Article

Chromosome Xq23 is associated with lower atherogenic lipid concentrations and favorable cardiometabolic indices

O’Connell, Jeffrey R., Aslibekyan, Stella, Moon, Jee-Young, Kaplan, Robert C., Mathias, Rasika A., Ballantyne, Christie M., Martinez, Karine A. Viaud, Germer, Soren, Psaty, Bruce M., Cupples, L. Adrienne, Kim, Ryan W., Pampana, Akhil, Assimes, Themistocles L., Mitchell, Braxton D., Honigberg, Michael C., Fornage, Myriam, Bowden, Donald W., Hveem, Kristian, Irvin, Marguerite R., Loos, Ruth J. F., Brody, Jennifer A., Yanek, Lisa R., de Vries, Paul S., Gibbs, Richard A., Antonacci-Fulton, Lucinda, Lange, Leslie, Peyser, Patricia A., Martin, Lisa W., Willer, Cristen, Aragam, Krishna, Ellinor, Patrick T., Peloso, Gina M., Laurie, Cathy C., Seo, Jeong-Sun, Palmer, Nicholette D., Freedman, Barry I., Wang, Fei Fei, Redline, Susan, Stilp, Adrienne M., Boerwinkle, Eric, Broome, Jai G., Weeks, Daniel E., Lee, Jiwon, Tsai, Michael, Graham, Sarah E., Muzny, Donna, Kooperberg, Charles, North, Kari E., Palotie, Aarno, Seo, Daekwan, Rich, Stephen S., Chen, Yii-Der I., Park, Cheol Joo, Smith, Albert V., Vasan, Ramachandran S., Pirruccello, James P., Curran, Joanne E., Khan, Alyna T., Lee, Seonwook, Lloyd-Jones, Don M.

2021

Overview

Autosomal genetic analyses of blood lipids have yielded key insights for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, X chromosome genetic variation is understudied for blood lipids in large sample sizes. We now analyze genetic and blood lipid data in a high-coverage whole X chromosome sequencing study of 65,322 multi-ancestry participants and perform replication among 456,893 European participants. Common alleles on chromosome Xq23 are strongly associated with reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (min P  = 8.5 × 10 −72 ), with similar effects for males and females. Chromosome Xq23 lipid-lowering alleles are associated with reduced odds for CHD among 42,545 cases and 591,247 controls ( P  = 1.7 × 10 −4 ), and reduced odds for diabetes mellitus type 2 among 54,095 cases and 573,885 controls ( P  = 1.4 × 10 −5 ). Although we observe an association with increased BMI, waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI is reduced, bioimpedance analyses indicate increased gluteofemoral fat, and abdominal MRI analyses indicate reduced visceral adiposity. Co-localization analyses strongly correlate increased CHRDL1 gene expression, particularly in adipose tissue, with reduced concentrations of blood lipids. The influence of X chromosome genetic variation on blood lipids and coronary heart disease (CHD) is not well understood. Here, the authors analyse X chromosome sequencing data across 65,322 multi-ancestry individuals, identifying associations of the Xq23 locus with lipid changes and reduced risk of CHD and diabetes mellitus.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
• Subject: 38 / 45 / 45/43 / 631/208/205/2138 / 692/4019/592/2727 / Adipose tissue / Alleles / Blood / Cardiometabolic Risk Factors / Cardiovascular disease / Cardiovascular diseases / Cholesterol / Chromosomes / Chromosomes, Human, X - genetics / Coronary artery disease / Correlation analysis / Diabetes / Diabetes mellitus / Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) / Eye Proteins - metabolism / Female / Gene expression / Gene Expression Regulation / Genetic analysis / Genetic Association Studies / Genetic diversity / Genetic Loci / Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Genotype / Heart diseases / Humanities and Social Sciences / Humans / Lipids / Lipids - blood / Localization / Low density lipoprotein / Magnetic resonance imaging / Male / Middle Aged / multidisciplinary / Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism / Phenomics / Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics / Risk management / Science / Science (multidisciplinary) / Subcutaneous Tissue - metabolism / Triglycerides / Whole Genome Sequencing / X chromosomes