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Dynamics of spike-and nucleocapsid specific immunity during long-term follow-up and vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 convalescents
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Dynamics of spike-and nucleocapsid specific immunity during long-term follow-up and vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 convalescents
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Journal Article
Dynamics of spike-and nucleocapsid specific immunity during long-term follow-up and vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 convalescents
2022
Overview
Anti-viral immunity continuously declines over time after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we characterize the dynamics of anti-viral immunity during long-term follow-up and after BNT162b2 mRNA-vaccination in convalescents after asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Virus-specific and virus-neutralizing antibody titers rapidly declined in convalescents over 9 months after infection, whereas virus-specific cytokine-producing polyfunctional T cells persisted, among which IL-2-producing T cells correlated with virus-neutralizing antibody titers. Among convalescents, 5% of individuals failed to mount long-lasting immunity after infection and showed a delayed response to vaccination compared to 1% of naïve vaccinees, but successfully responded to prime/boost vaccination. During the follow-up period, 8% of convalescents showed a selective increase in virus-neutralizing antibody titers without accompanying increased frequencies of circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. The same convalescents, however, responded to vaccination with simultaneous increase in antibody and T cell immunity revealing the strength of mRNA-vaccination to increase virus-specific immunity in convalescents.
Waning immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is of concern. Here the authors follow spike- and nucleocapsid specific immunity in convalescent individuals for 9 months observing a decline in antibody levels but persisting T cell response. Vaccination approximately 11 months after infection boosts antibody and T cell immunity.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 13/1
/ 13/21
/ 13/31
/ 14/34
/ 14/63
/ Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
/ Antibodies, Viral - immunology
/ BNT162 Vaccine - administration & dosage
/ COVID-19
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Immunity
/ Immunoglobulin G - immunology
/ Kinetics
/ mRNA
/ Science
/ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
/ Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
/ Viruses
