Journal Article

Transmission of Human Infection with Nipah Virus

Luby, Stephen P., Hughes, James M., Wilson, Mary E., Hossain, M. Jahangir, Gurley, Emily S.

2009

Overview

Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus whose reservoir host is fruit bats of the genus Pteropus . Occasionally the virus is introduced into human populations and causes severe illness characterized by encephalitis or respiratory disease. The first outbreak of NiV was recognized in Malaysia, but 8 outbreaks have been reported from Bangladesh since 2001. The primary pathways of transmission from bats to people in Bangladesh are through contamination of raw date palm sap by bats with subsequent consumption by humans and through infection of domestic animals (cattle, pigs, and goats), presumably from consumption of food contaminated with bat saliva or urine with subsequent transmission to people. Approximately one-half of recognized Nipah case patients in Bangladesh developed their disease following person-to-person transmission of the virus. Efforts to prevent transmission should focus on decreasing bat access to date palm sap and reducing family members' and friends' exposure to infected patients' saliva.

• Publisher: The University of Chicago Press,University of Chicago Press,Oxford University Press
• Subject: Animals / Bangladesh - epidemiology / Bats / Biological and medical sciences / Body fluids / Chiroptera - virology / Disease Outbreaks / Disease transmission / Disease Transmission, Infectious - prevention & control / Diseases / Domestic animals / EMERGINS INFECTIONS / Encephalitis / Family members / Fruits / Geography / Henipavirus Infections - epidemiology / Henipavirus Infections - transmission / Henipavirus Infections - virology / Human populations / Humans / Infections / Infectious diseases / Medical sciences / Nipah virus / Nipah Virus - physiology / Outbreaks / Paramyxovirus / Pteropus / Respiratory diseases / Swine / Viruses