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Homeostasis of protein and mRNA concentrations in growing cells
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Homeostasis of protein and mRNA concentrations in growing cells
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Journal Article
Homeostasis of protein and mRNA concentrations in growing cells
2018
Overview
Many experiments show that the numbers of mRNA and protein are proportional to the cell volume in growing cells. However, models of stochastic gene expression often assume constant transcription rate per gene and constant translation rate per mRNA, which are incompatible with these experiments. Here, we construct a minimal gene expression model to fill this gap. Assuming ribosomes and RNA polymerases are limiting in gene expression, we show that the numbers of proteins and mRNAs both grow exponentially during the cell cycle and that the concentrations of all mRNAs and proteins achieve cellular homeostasis; the competition between genes for the RNA polymerases makes the transcription rate independent of the genome number. Furthermore, by extending the model to situations in which DNA (mRNA) can be saturated by RNA polymerases (ribosomes) and becomes limiting, we predict a transition from exponential to linear growth of cell volume as the protein-to-DNA ratio increases.
For various organisms, mRNA and protein copy numbers scale with cell volume. Here, the authors show that this result emerges naturally when ribosomes and RNAPs limit expression. Furthermore, the authors show that within their model this result breaks down for a sufficiently high volume/DNA ratio.
