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Cartilage tissue engineering using decellularized biomatrix hydrogel containing TGF-β-loaded alginate microspheres in mechanically loaded bioreactor
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Cartilage tissue engineering using decellularized biomatrix hydrogel containing TGF-β-loaded alginate microspheres in mechanically loaded bioreactor
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Journal Article
Cartilage tissue engineering using decellularized biomatrix hydrogel containing TGF-β-loaded alginate microspheres in mechanically loaded bioreactor
2024
Overview
Physiochemical tissue inducers and mechanical stimulation are both efficient variables in cartilage tissue fabrication and regeneration. In the presence of biomolecules, decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) may trigger and enhance stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we investigated the controlled release of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) as an active mediator of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a biocompatible scaffold and mechanical stimulation for cartilage tissue engineering. ECM-derived hydrogel with TGF-β1-loaded alginate-based microspheres (MSs) was created to promote human MSC chondrogenic development. Ex vivo explants and a complicated multiaxial loading bioreactor replicated the physiological conditions. Hydrogels with/without MSs and TGF-β1 were highly cytocompatible. MSCs in ECM-derived hydrogel containing TGF-β1/MSs showed comparable chondrogenic gene expression levels as those hydrogels with TGF-β1 added in culture media or those without TGF-β1. However, constructs with TGF-β1 directly added within the hydrogel had inferior properties under unloaded conditions. The ECM-derived hydrogel group including TGF-β1/MSs under loading circumstances formed better cartilage matrix in an ex vivo osteochondral defect than control settings. This study demonstrates that controlled local delivery of TGF-β1 using MSs and mechanical loading is essential for neocartilage formation by MSCs and that further optimization is needed to prevent MSC differentiation towards hypertrophy.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Animals
/ Cartilage tissue engineering
/ Decellularized biomatrix hydrogel
/ Decellularized Extracellular Matrix - chemistry
/ Explants
/ Extracellular Matrix - metabolism
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Mechanical stimuli bioreactor
/ Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology
/ Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism
/ Science
/ TGF-β1
/ Tissue Engineering - methods
/ Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry
/ Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism
/ Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - metabolism
