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The giant genome of lily provides insights into the hybridization of cultivated lilies
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Journal Article
The giant genome of lily provides insights into the hybridization of cultivated lilies
2025
Overview
Lilies are economically important monocots known for their ornamental flowers, bulbs, and large genomes. The absence of their genomic information has impeded evolutionary studies and genome-based breeding efforts. Here, we present reference genomes for
Lilium sargentiae
(lily, 35.66 Gb) and
Gloriosa superba
(flame lily, 5.09 Gb). The giant lily genome is shaped by recent long terminal repeat retroelements. Phylogenetic analysis reveals diverse, independent origins of lily cultivars. Gene families involved in sucrose and starch metabolism are significantly expanded in the lily genome. Key homologs of
XTH22
,
SOC1
, and
AP1/FUL
-like genes regulate the development, bud growth transition, and floral bud growth transition of lily bulbs. Colchicine biosynthetic gene clusters are identified in
G. superba
but are absent in
L. sargentiae
, highlighting independent colchicine evolution in Colchicaceae. These genomic insights enhance understanding of Liliales evolution, providing a foundation for future breeding and molecular research.
Lilies are perennial plants with ornamental flowers and large genomes. The authors assemble genomes of two Liliales species, analyze lily phylogeny, flower and stem development (bulbs in lilies, rhizomes in flame lilies), bulb growth transitions, and colchicine biosynthesis.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
