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Serotonin deficiency from constitutive SKN-1 activation drives pathogen apathy
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Serotonin deficiency from constitutive SKN-1 activation drives pathogen apathy
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Journal Article
Serotonin deficiency from constitutive SKN-1 activation drives pathogen apathy
2024
Overview
When an organism encounters a pathogen, the host innate immune system activates to defend against pathogen colonization and toxic xenobiotics produced.
C. elegans
employ multiple defense systems to ensure survival when exposed to
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
including activation of the cytoprotective transcription factor SKN-1/NRF2. Although wildtype
C. elegans
quickly learn to avoid pathogens, here we describe a peculiar apathy-like behavior towards PA14 in animals with constitutive activation of SKN-1, whereby animals choose not to leave and continue to feed on the pathogen even when a non-pathogenic and healthspan-promoting food option is available. Although lacking the urgency to escape the infectious environment, animals with constitutive SKN-1 activity are not oblivious to the presence of the pathogen and display the typical pathogen-induced intestinal distension and eventual demise. SKN-1 activation, specifically in neurons and intestinal tissues, orchestrates a unique transcriptional program which leads to defects in serotonin signaling that is required from both neurons and non-neuronal tissues. Serotonin depletion from SKN-1 activation limits pathogen defenses capacity, drives the pathogen-associated apathy behaviors and induces a synthetic sensitivity to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Taken together, our work reveals interesting insights into how animals perceive environmental pathogens and subsequently alter behavior and cellular programs to promote survival.
Here, Nair et al show that constitutive activation of the cytoprotective transcription factor SKN-1 within the digestive and nervous system of
Caenorhabditis elegans
impedes serotonin signalling and leads to pathogen-apathy behaviour.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 38
/ 38/35
/ 38/89
/ 38/91
/ 64
/ 64/11
/ 96
/ Animals
/ Apathy
/ Caenorhabditis elegans - immunology
/ Caenorhabditis elegans - microbiology
/ Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins - genetics
/ Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins - metabolism
/ DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics
/ DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
/ Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Neurons
/ Pseudomonas aeruginosa - pathogenicity
/ Pseudomonas aeruginosa - physiology
/ Pseudomonas Infections - immunology
/ Pseudomonas Infections - metabolism
/ Pseudomonas Infections - microbiology
/ Science
/ Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - pharmacology
/ Survival
/ Transcription Factors - genetics
