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Activated T cell-derived exosomal PD-1 attenuates PD-L1-induced immune dysfunction in triple-negative breast cancer
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Activated T cell-derived exosomal PD-1 attenuates PD-L1-induced immune dysfunction in triple-negative breast cancer
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Journal Article
Activated T cell-derived exosomal PD-1 attenuates PD-L1-induced immune dysfunction in triple-negative breast cancer
2021
Overview
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is widely expressed in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). As a dominant inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) receptor, cell surface PD-1 is well-known to transduce negative signaling of effector T cell activity during cell–cell contact. However, despite its well-documented inhibitory effects, higher PD-1 expression in TILs is significantly associated with longer survival in TNBC patients. This phenomenon raises an interesting question whether PD-1 harbors positive activity to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Here, we show that PD-1 is secreted in an exosomal form by activated T cells and can remotely interact with either cell surface or exosomal programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), induce PD-L1 internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and thereby prevent subsequent cellular PD-L1: PD-1 interaction, restoring tumor surveillance through attenuating PD-L1-induced suppression of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell activity. Our results, through revealing an anti-PD-L1 function of exosomal PD-1, provide a positive role to enhance cytotoxic T cell activity and a potential therapeutic strategy of modifying the exosome surface with membrane-bound inhibitory ICP receptors to attenuate the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 13/109
/ 13/31
/ 13/89
/ 13/95
/ 14
/ 14/19
/ 14/35
/ 42/34
/ 96/21
/ Animals
/ Clathrin
/ Female
/ Humans
/ Lymphocyte Activation - genetics
/ Lymphocyte Activation - immunology
/ Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating - immunology
/ Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating - metabolism
/ Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating - pathology
/ Medicine
/ Methods
/ Mice
/ Oncology
/ Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - genetics
/ Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism
/ T cells
/ T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology
/ T-Lymphocyte Subsets - metabolism
/ T-Lymphocyte Subsets - pathology
/ Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - etiology
/ Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - metabolism
/ Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - pathology
/ Tumor Microenvironment - genetics
