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Antibodies utilizing VL6-57 light chains target a convergent cryptic epitope on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and potentially drive the genesis of Omicron variants
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Antibodies utilizing VL6-57 light chains target a convergent cryptic epitope on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and potentially drive the genesis of Omicron variants
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Antibodies utilizing VL6-57 light chains target a convergent cryptic epitope on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and potentially drive the genesis of Omicron variants
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Journal Article
Antibodies utilizing VL6-57 light chains target a convergent cryptic epitope on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and potentially drive the genesis of Omicron variants
2024
Overview
Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 generates variants to challenge antibody immunity established by infection and vaccination. A connection between population immunity and genesis of virus variants has long been suggested but its molecular basis remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a class of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing public antibodies defined by their shared usage of VL6-57 light chains. Although heavy chains of diverse genotypes are utilized, convergent HCDR3 rearrangements have been observed among these public antibodies to cooperate with germline VL6-57 LCDRs to target a convergent epitope defined by RBD residues S371-S373-S375. Antibody repertoire analysis identifies that this class of VL6-57 antibodies is present in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals and is clonally expanded in most COVID-19 patients. We confirm that Omicron-specific substitutions at S371, S373 and S375 mediate escape of antibodies of the VL6-57 class. These findings support that this class of public antibodies constitutes a potential immune pressure promoting the introduction of S371L/F-S373P-S375F in Omicron variants. The results provide further molecular evidence to support that antigenic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is driven by antibody mediated population immunity.
Convergence of heavy or light chains in antibodies recognising pathogens could drive mutations in these pathogens. Here the authors examine antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and find that a conserved VL6-57 light chain recognising a conserved motif in the spike protein is associated with virus mutations and could drive changes in SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
/ Antibodies, Viral - immunology
/ COVID-19
/ Epitopes
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Immunity
/ Immunoglobulin Light Chains - genetics
/ Immunoglobulin Light Chains - immunology
/ Mutation
/ Proteins
/ Science
/ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
/ Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics
