Journal Article

Phytohormone profiling in an evolutionary framework

Motyka, Václav, Van Der Straeten, Dominique, Pil, Anthony, Kurtović, Katarina, Skokan, Roman, Petrášek, Jan, Vaculíková, Roberta, Depaepe, Thomas, Vosolsobě, Stanislav, Dobrev, Petre Ivanov, Schmidt, Vojtěch, Haluška, Samuel

2024

Overview

The genomes of charophyte green algae, close relatives of land plants, typically do not show signs of developmental regulation by phytohormones. However, scattered reports of endogenous phytohormone production in these organisms exist. We performed a comprehensive analysis of multiple phytohormones in Viridiplantae, focusing mainly on charophytes. We show that auxin, salicylic acid, ethylene and tRNA-derived cytokinins including cis -zeatin are found ubiquitously in Viridiplantae. By contrast, land plants but not green algae contain the trans -zeatin type cytokinins as well as auxin and cytokinin conjugates. Charophytes occasionally produce jasmonates and abscisic acid, whereas the latter is detected consistently in land plants. Several phytohormones are excreted into the culture medium, including auxin by charophytes and cytokinins and salicylic acid by Viridiplantae in general. We note that the conservation of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways known from angiosperms does not match the capacity for phytohormone biosynthesis in Viridiplantae. Our phylogenetically guided analysis of established algal cultures provides an important insight into phytohormone biosynthesis and metabolism across Streptophyta. Genomic evidence dates the origins of most phytohormones to terrestrialization or later. Here, the authors show that the biosynthesis of many compounds in green algae preceded their recruitment in phytohormone signaling and metabolism in land plants.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
• Subject: 140/125 / 140/58 / 631/449/1741 / 631/449/2669 / 631/92/613 / Abscisic acid / Abscisic Acid - metabolism / Algae / Angiosperms / Aquatic plants / Auxins / Biological Evolution / Biosynthesis / Chlorophyta / Chlorophyta - genetics / Chlorophyta - metabolism / Cyclopentanes - metabolism / Cytokinins / Cytokinins - metabolism / Ethylenes - metabolism / Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Humanities and Social Sciences / Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism / Jasmonic acid / Metabolism / multidisciplinary / Oxylipins - metabolism / Phylogeny / Phytohormones / Plant Growth Regulators - metabolism / Plant hormones / Salicylic acid / Salicylic Acid - metabolism / Science / Science (multidisciplinary) / Signal Transduction / tRNA / Viridiplantae / Viridiplantae - genetics / Viridiplantae - metabolism / Zeatin