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Glucose-regulatory hormones and growth in very preterm infants fed fortified human milk
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Glucose-regulatory hormones and growth in very preterm infants fed fortified human milk
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Journal Article
Glucose-regulatory hormones and growth in very preterm infants fed fortified human milk
2024
Overview
Background
Bovine colostrum (BC) contains a range of milk bioactive components, and it is unknown how human milk fortification with BC affects glucose-regulatory hormones in very preterm infants (VPIs). This study aimed to investigate the associations between hormone concentrations and fortification type, birth weight (appropriate/small for gestational age, AGA/SGA), milk intake, postnatal age, and body growth.
Methods
225 VPIs were randomized to fortification with BC or conventional fortifier (CF). Plasma hormones were measured before, one and two weeks after start of fortification. ΔZ-scores from birth to 35 weeks postmenstrual age were calculated.
Results
Compared with CF, infants fortified with BC had higher plasma GLP-1, GIP, glucagon, and leptin concentrations after start of fortification. Prior to fortification, leptin concentrations were negatively associated with growth, while IGF-1 concentrations associated positively with growth during fortification. In AGA infants, hormone concentrations generally increased after one week of fortification. Relative to AGA infants, SGA infants showed reduced IGF-1 and leptin concentrations.
Conclusion
Fortification with BC increased the plasma concentrations of several glucose-regulatory hormones. Concentrations of IGF-1 were positively, and leptin negatively, associated with growth. Glucose-regulatory hormone levels were affected by birth weight, milk intake and postnatal age, but not closely associated with growth in VPIs.
Impact
Little is known about the variation in glucose-regulatory hormones in the early life of very preterm infants (VPIs).
This study shows that the levels of glucose-regulatory hormones in plasma of VPIs are highly variable and modified by birth weight (appropriate or small for gestational age, AGA or SGA), the type of fortifier, enteral nutritional intake, and advancing postnatal age.
The results confirm that IGF-1 levels are positively associated with early postnatal growth in VPIs, yet the levels of both IGF-1 and other glucose-regulatory hormones appeared to explain only a small part of the overall variation in growth rates.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group US,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Babies
/ Cattle
/ Clinical
/ Female
/ Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - blood
/ Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood
/ Glucose
/ Hormones
/ Humans
/ Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
/ Infant, Extremely Premature - blood
/ Infant, Extremely Premature - growth & development
/ Infant, Premature - growth & development
/ Infant, Small for Gestational Age
/ Infant, Very Low Birth Weight - blood
/ Infant, Very Low Birth Weight - growth & development
/ Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - analysis
/ Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism
/ Male
/ Medicine
/ Plasma
