Journal Article

Distemper, extinction, and vaccination of the Amur tiger

Ossiboff, Robert J., Hinds, Chris, Belyakin, Stepan, Gilbert, Martin, Adamson, Walt E., Reeve, Richard, Yurlova, Anna A., Vattipally, Sreenu B., McAloose, Denise, Sulikhan, Nadezhda, Seimon, Tracie, Kerley, Linda, Osofsky, Steven A., Shevtsova, Elena I., Goncharuk, Mikhail, Thomson, Emma C., Uphyrkina, Olga, Davis, Christopher A., Wilkie, Gavin S., Seryodkin, Ivan V., Matthews, Louise, Miquelle, Dale G., McDonald, Michael, Cleaveland, Sarah, Logan, Nicola, Hosie, Margaret J., Castro, Enrique Hernandez, Willett, Brian J., Naidenko, Sergey V.

2020

Overview

Canine distemper virus (CDV) has recently emerged as an extinction threat for the endangered Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). CDV is vaccine-preventable, and control strategies could require vaccination of domestic dogs and/or wildlife populations. However, vaccination of endangered wildlife remains controversial, which has led to a focus on interventions in domestic dogs, often assumed to be the source of infection. Effective decision making requires an understanding of the true reservoir dynamics, which poses substantial challenges in remote areas with diverse host communities. We carried out serological, demographic, and phylogenetic studies of dog and wildlife populations in the Russian Far East to show that a number of wildlife species are more important than dogs, both in maintaining CDV and as sources of infection for tigers. Critically, therefore, because CDV circulates among multiple wildlife sources, dog vaccination alone would not be effective at protecting tigers. We show, however, that low-coverage vaccination of tigers themselves is feasible and would produce substantive reductions in extinction risks. Vaccination of endangered wildlife provides a valuable component of conservation strategies for endangered species.

• Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
• Subject: Animals / Animals, Wild - virology / Biological Sciences / Canine distemper / Decision making / Decision Making, Organizational / Disease Reservoirs - veterinary / Disease Reservoirs - virology / Distemper - epidemiology / Distemper - prevention & control / Distemper - transmission / Distemper - virology / Distemper Virus, Canine - genetics / Distemper Virus, Canine - immunology / Dogs / Dogs - blood / Dogs - virology / Domestic animals / Ecology / Endangered & extinct species / Endangered species / Endangered Species - economics / Extinction / Feasibility Studies / Female / Immunization / Male / Models, Economic / Phylogeny / Populations / Seroepidemiologic Studies / Siberia / Species extinction / Tigers - blood / Tigers - virology / Vaccination / Vaccination - economics / Vaccination - methods / Vaccination Coverage - economics / Vaccination Coverage - methods / Vaccination Coverage - organization & administration / Viral Vaccines - administration & dosage / Viral Vaccines - economics / Wildlife / Wildlife conservation