Journal Article

Argan Oil-Mediated Attenuation of Organelle Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress and Cell Death Induced by 7-Ketocholesterol in Murine Oligodendrocytes 158N

Martine, Lucy, This work was supported by grants from: University of Bourgogne (Dijon, France); University of Monastir (Monastir, Tunisia); Aides et Services à Domicile (ASSAD) (Louhans, France) and the Association Bourguignonne pour les Aplications en Sciences de l’Information en Médecine (ABASIM, Dijon, France). This work was supported by the Action Intégrée of the Comité Mixte Inter-Universitaire Franco-Marocain (CMIFM, MA/14/310) from the Projet Hubert Curien (PHC) Volubilis/Toubkal program, the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur and the Centre National Pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST, Morocco), the projet PPR from the (CNRST, Morocco), the Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne, and the University of Bourgogne. We also thank Philip Bastable for English corrections (University Hospital, Dijon, France), Nasser, Boubker, Cherkaoui-Malki, Mustapha, Université Hassan 1er [Settat], Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques - Laborato

2017

Overview

Argan oil is widely used in Morocco in traditional medicine. Its ability to treat cardiovascular diseases is well-established. However, nothing is known about its effects on neurodegenerative diseases, which are often associated with increased oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation and the formation of 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) resulting from cholesterol auto-oxidation. As 7KC induces oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death, it is important to identify compounds able to impair its harmful effects. These compounds may be either natural or synthetic molecules or mixtures of molecules such as oils. In this context: (i) the lipid profiles of dietary argan oils from Berkane and Agadir (Morocco) in fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols and polyphenols were determined by different chromatographic techniques; and (ii) their anti-oxidant and cytoprotective effects in 158N murine oligodendrocytes cultured with 7KC (25-50 mu M; 24 h) without and with argan oil (0.1% v/v) or -tocopherol (400 mu M, positive control) were evaluated with complementary techniques of cellular and molecular biology. Among the unsaturated fatty acids present in argan oils, oleate (C18:1 n-9) and linoleate (C18:1 n-6) were the most abundant; the highest quantities of saturated fatty acids were palmitate (C16:0) and stearate (C18:0). Several phytosterols were found, mainly schottenol and spinasterol (specific to argan oil), cycloartenol, beta-amyrin and citrostadienol alpha- and gamma-tocopherols were also present. Tyrosol and protocatechic acid were the only polyphenols detected. Argan and extra virgin olive oils have many compounds in common, principally oleate and linoleate, and tocopherols. Kit Radicaux Libres (KRL) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests showed that argan and extra virgin olive oils have anti-oxidant properties. Argan oils were able to attenuate the cytotoxic effects of 7KC on 158N cells: loss of cell adhesion, cell growth inhibition, increased plasma membrane permeability, mitochondrial, peroxisomal and lysosomal dysfunction, and the induction of oxiapoptophagy (OXIdation + APOPTOsis + autoPHAGY). Altogether, our data obtained in 158N oligodendrocytes provide evidence that argan oil is able to counteract the toxic effects of 7KC on nerve cells, thus suggesting that some of its compounds could prevent or mitigate neurodegenerative diseases to the extent that they are able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

• Publisher: MDPI,CCSD,MDPI AG
• Subject: alpha-Tocopherol - pharmacology / Animals / Antioxidants - pharmacology / Apoptosis / Apoptosis - drug effects / Cell Line / Chemical Sciences / Fatty acids / Food engineering / Ketocholesterols - toxicity / Life Sciences / Lipid Peroxidation / Lysosomes - drug effects / Medicinal Chemistry / Mice / Mitochondria - drug effects / Neurobiology / Neurons and Cognition / Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology / Oligodendroglia - drug effects / Oxidation / Oxidative stress / Oxidative Stress - drug effects / Peroxisomes - drug effects / Plant Oils - pharmacology / Polyphenols
• ISBN: 0004146718002