Journal Article

HDAC inhibitor LBH589 (panobinostat) is an inhibitory modulator of aromatase gene expression

Chen, Shiuan, Kijima, Ikuko, Ye, Jingjing, Evans, Dean

2010

Overview

Aromatase converts androgens to estrogens. Although third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are important drugs in hormonal therapy for breast cancer in postmenopausal women, there are concerns about the side effects associated with the estrogen deprivation achieved with AIs. Expression of aromatase in breast cancer tissue is driven by different promoters than those in noncancer tissues; thus, suppression of aromatase expression in cancer tissues through the down-regulation of breast tumor-specific promoters would reduce the side effects associated with whole-body suppression of estrogen biosynthesis by AIs. We report that histone deacetylase inhibitor LBH589 (panobinostat) is a potent inhibitor of aromatase expression (with an IC₅₀ value < 25 nM). LBH589 selectively suppresses human aromatase gene promoters I.3/II, which are preferentially used in breast cancer tissue. Furthermore, using the H295R cell culture model, we found that achieving the same degree of inhibition of aromatase activity required only one-fifth as much letrozole (an AI) in the presence of 25 nM LBH589 as in the absence of LBH589. We also used an H295R/MCF7 coculture model to demonstrate the synergistic interaction of LBH589 + letrozole in suppressing the proliferation of hormone-responsive breast cancer cells. Finally, our results also indicate that LBH589 down-regulates the activity of promoters I.3/II in an epigenetic fashion. LBH589 reduces the levels of C/EBPδ, decreases the binding of C/EBPδ, and increases the levels and binding of acetyl-histones to the promoters I.3/II. These findings provide an important basis for future clinical evaluations of LBH589 in hormone-dependent breast cancer.

• Publisher: National Academy of Sciences,National Acad Sciences
• Subject: adverse effects / androgens / aromatase / Aromatase - genetics / Aromatase Inhibitors - administration & dosage / Base Sequence / Biological Sciences / Biosynthesis / Breast cancer / breast neoplasms / Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy / Breast Neoplasms - enzymology / Breast Neoplasms - genetics / Breast Neoplasms - pathology / Cancer / CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta - metabolism / Cell Line, Tumor / Cell lines / Cell Proliferation - drug effects / coculture / Coculture Techniques / DNA / DNA Primers - genetics / Down-Regulation - drug effects / Drug Synergism / Drug therapy / drugs / Epigenesis, Genetic / epigenetics / Epithelial cells / Estrogens / Exons / Female / Gene expression / gene expression regulation / genes / HeLa cells / histone deacetylase / Histone deacetylase inhibitors / Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors - administration & dosage / Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors - pharmacology / hormone replacement therapy / Humans / Hydroxamic Acids - administration & dosage / Hydroxamic Acids - pharmacology / Indoles / Inhibitor drugs / inhibitory concentration 50 / Letrozole / Menopause / neoplasm cells / Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - drug therapy / Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - enzymology / Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - genetics / Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - pathology / Nitriles - administration & dosage / Oncology / Panobinostat / postmenopause / Promoter Regions, Genetic / Side effects / tissues / Triazoles - administration & dosage / women / Womens health