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Cell Polarity and PIN Protein Positioning in Arabidopsis Require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 Function
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Cell Polarity and PIN Protein Positioning in Arabidopsis Require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 Function
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Journal Article
Cell Polarity and PIN Protein Positioning in Arabidopsis Require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 Function
2003
Overview
Plants have many polarized cell types, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms that establish polarity. The orc mutant was identified originally by defects in root patterning, and positional cloning revealed that the affected gene encodes STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1, which is required for the appropriate synthesis and composition of major membrane sterols. $smt1^{orc}$ mutants displayed several conspicuous cell polarity defects. Columella root cap cells revealed perturbed polar positioning of different organelles, and in the $smt1^{orc}$ root epidermis, polar initiation of root hairs was more randomized. Polar auxin transport and expression of the auxin reporter DR5-β-glucuronidase were aberrant in $smt1^{orc}$. Patterning defects in $smt1^{orc}$ resembled those observed in mutants of the PIN gene family of putative auxin efflux transporters. Consistently, the membrane localization of the PIN1 and PIN3 proteins was disturbed in $smt1^{orc}$, whereas polar positioning of the influx carrier AUX1 appeared normal. Our results suggest that balanced sterol composition is a major requirement for cell polarity and auxin efflux in Arabidopsis.
Publisher
American Society of Plant Biologists
Subject
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid - pharmacology
/ Arabidopsis - growth & development
/ Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
/ Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
/ Auxins
/ Biological Transport - drug effects
/ Cloning
/ Embryos
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - drug effects
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects
/ Indoleacetic Acids - pharmacology
/ Membrane Proteins - genetics
/ Membrane Proteins - metabolism
/ Methyltransferases - genetics
/ Methyltransferases - metabolism
/ Mutation
/ Plant Growth Regulators - pharmacology
/ Plant Root Cap - drug effects
/ Plant Roots - growth & development
/ Plants
/ Sterols
