Journal Article

Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern after Primary Immunization with CoronaVac and Booster with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 in Health Care Workers

Ninwattana, Sasiprapa, Chantasrisawad, Napaporn, Hirankarn, Nattiya, Thippamom, Nattakarn, Wang, Lin-Fa, Sodsai, Pimpayao, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, Ruenjaiman, Vichaya, Sophonphan, Jiratchaya, Jantarabenjakul, Watsamon, Jitsatja, Anusara, Tan, Chee Wah, Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn, Pradit, Rakchanok, Putcharoen, Opass

2022

Overview

Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) is commonly used in national immunization programs. However, the immune response significantly declines within a few months. Our study assessed the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after receiving booster shots of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 among health care workers who previously received CoronaVac as their primary immunization. Fifty-six participants who received ChAdOx1 and forty-two participants who received BNT162b2 were enrolled into this study, which evaluated immune responses, including anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike total antibodies (Elecsys®), surrogated viral neutralization test (sVNT) to ancestral strain (cPass™; GenScript), five variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) (Luminex; multiplex sVNT) and the ELISpot with spike (S1 and S2) peptide pool against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain. The samples were analyzed at baseline, 4, and 12 weeks after primary immunization, as well as 4 and 12 weeks after receiving the booster. This study showed a significant increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike total antibodies, sVNT, and T-cell immune response after the booster, including against the Omicron variant. Immune responses rapidly decreased in the booster group at 12 weeks after booster but were still higher than post-primary vaccination. A fourth dose or a second booster should be recommended, particularly in health care workers.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,MDPI
• Subject: anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike total antibodies / Antibodies / Coronaviruses / COVID-19 / COVID-19 vaccines / Drug dosages / Drug therapy / Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay / Health aspects / Health care / Immune response / Immune response (cell-mediated) / Immune system / Immunization / Immunoassay / Immunoglobulins / Infections / Lymphocytes T / Medical personnel / Neutralization / Peptides / Physiological aspects / Proteins / SARS-CoV-2 / Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / surrogate viral neutralizing antibody / T-cell immune response / Vaccination / Vaccines