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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of tropical atmospheric aerosols: sources and contribution from burning of C3 and C4 plants to organic aerosols
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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of tropical atmospheric aerosols: sources and contribution from burning of C3 and C4 plants to organic aerosols
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Journal Article
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of tropical atmospheric aerosols: sources and contribution from burning of C3 and C4 plants to organic aerosols
2014
Overview
In this paper, we report for the first time the δ
13
C and δ
15
N data for PM
2.5
and PM
10
aerosols collected in Tanzania during May-August 2011 together with total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) contents. Mean TC concentrations were 6.5±2.1 µg m
−3
in PM
2.5
and 9.2±3.5 µg m
−3
in PM
10
. δ
13
C of TC ranged from −26.1 to −20.6‰ with a mean of −23.6‰ in PM
2.5
and from −24.4 to −22.4‰ with a mean of −23.6‰ in PM
10
. We found substantially greater δ
13
C values in PM
2.5
samples during dry season as well as strong positive correlation between levoglucosan (and nss-K
+
) and TC in PM
2.5
. These results suggest a significant contribution from burning of C
4
plants to fine organic aerosol formation. TN contents showed a mean of 0.7±0.3 µg m
−3
in PM
2.5
and 0.8±0.2 µg m
−3
in PM
10
. δ
15
N ranged from +13.4 to +22.1‰ with a mean of +16.2±2.7‰ in PM
2.5
and +10.4 to +18.7‰ with a mean of +13.7±2.2‰ in PM
10
. δ
15
N showed higher ratios in fine particles than coarse particles in both wet and dry season. The relatively high δ
15
N values suggest isotopic enrichment of
15
N in aerosols via exchange reaction between NH
3
(gas) and
(particle). We found a strong correlation between TN and
(r
2
=0.94 in PM
2.5
and r
2
=0.86 in PM
10
) and
(r
2
=0.48 in PM
2.5
and r
2
=0.55 in PM
10
). We also found that organic nitrogen is less significant than inorganic nitrogen in the Morogoro aerosols. Based on stable carbon isotopic composition, contributions of burning C
3
plants to TC were estimated to range from 42 to 74% in PM
2.5
and from 39 to 64% in PM
10,
whereas those of C
4
ranged from 26 to 58% in PM
2.5
and from 36 to 61% in PM
10
. These results suggest that burning activities of C
3
and C
4
plants contribute to organic aerosol formation in Tanzania.
