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Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz
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Journal Article
Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz
2024
Overview
This study combines volcanic gas compositions, SO
2
flux and satellite thermal data collected at Nevado del Ruiz between 2018 and 2021. We find the Nevado del Ruiz plume to have exhibited relatively steady, high CO
2
compositions (avg. CO
2
/S
T
ratios of 5.4 ± 1.9) throughout. Our degassing models support that the CO
2
/S
T
ratio variability derives from volatile exsolution from andesitic magma stored in the 1–4 km depth range. Separate ascent of CO
2
-rich gas bubbles through shallow (< 1 km depth), viscous, conduit resident magma causes the observed excess degassing. We infer that degassing of ~ 974 mm
3
of shallow (1–4 km) stored magma has sourced the elevated SO
2
degassing recorded during 2018–2021 (average flux ~ 1548 t/d). Of this, only < 1 mm
3
of magma have been erupted through dome extrusion, highlighting a large imbalance between erupted and degassed magma. Escalating deep CO
2
gas flushing, combined with the disruption of passive degassing, through sudden accumulation and pressurization of bubbles due to lithostatic pressure, may accelerate volcanic unrest and eventually lead to a major eruption.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
