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Optimization of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Barbatimão) Extraction: Chemical Evaluation, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
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Optimization of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Barbatimão) Extraction: Chemical Evaluation, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
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Journal Article
Optimization of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Barbatimão) Extraction: Chemical Evaluation, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
2026
Overview
Extracts from the stem bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão) exhibit relevant medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing activities, which reinforce their potential for developing herbal medicines. The $550 billion plant bioactive market (by 2030) demands safer, green-chemistry-aligned extraction methods for responsible industrial scaling. In this study, dry extracts obtained from the stem bark of S. adstringens were obtained by ultrasound-assisted maceration in one- and two-step extraction systems. Parameters such as yield, solvent evaporation time, cost, acute toxicity, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) concentration, cell viability, antioxidant potential, and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated. High-EGCG two-step organic extracts were industrially difficult, needing more raw material and toxic solvents. In contrast, the single-step extracts showed a better balance between yield, cost, safety, and biological efficacy. All extracts showed cell viability above 70% at safe concentrations and significantly reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the results confirm that optimizing single-step extraction, with lower environmental impact solvents, enables producing safe and effective polyphenol-rich extracts, consolidating water as the main candidate for industrial-scale phytotherapeutic formulations of barbatimão, in line with its traditional use in infusions.
Publisher
MDPI AG,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Subject
/ Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry
/ Anti-Inflammatory Agents - isolation & purification
/ Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology
/ Antioxidants - isolation & purification
/ Catechin
/ Catechin - analogs & derivatives
/ Cell Survival - drug effects
/ Enzymes
/ Ethanol
/ Mice
/ Plant Extracts - pharmacology
/ Solvents
/ Stryphnodendron adstringens, barbatimão
/ Toxicity
/ Water
