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Maternal or Infant Antiretroviral Drugs to Reduce HIV-1 Transmission
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Journal Article
Maternal or Infant Antiretroviral Drugs to Reduce HIV-1 Transmission
2010
Overview
Approximately 200,000 infants worldwide become infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) annually through breast-feeding. In this randomized trial involving 2369 mother–infant pairs in Malawi, the use of either maternal antiretroviral therapy or infant nevirapine through the age of 6 months was found to significantly decrease the rate of maternal transmission of HIV-1 during breast-feeding.
Approximately 200,000 infants worldwide become infected annually with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through breast-feeding.
1
,
2
Without treatment, half of these infants will die before their second birthday.
3
Although formula feeding decreases the risk of postnatal HIV transmission, it is associated with an increased rate of early death.
4
,
5
Thus, exclusive breast-feeding is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for infants of HIV-1–positive women for the first 6 months of life in resource-limited settings.
6
The use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy, labor, and delivery effectively reduces intrauterine and intrapartum HIV-1 transmission.
7
,
8
However, without prophylaxis, an additional 9% . . .
Publisher
Massachusetts Medical Society
Subject
/ Anti-Retroviral Agents - adverse effects
/ Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use
/ Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents
/ Babies
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Drug Hypersensitivity - etiology
/ Female
/ HIV
/ HIV Infections - drug therapy
/ HIV Infections - transmission
/ HIV-1
/ Human immunodeficiency virus
/ Humans
/ Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - prevention & control
/ Lamivudine - therapeutic use
/ Male
/ Neutropenia - chemically induced
/ Nevirapine - adverse effects
/ Nevirapine - therapeutic use
/ Pharmacology. Drug treatments
/ Stevens-Johnson Syndrome - chemically induced
