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Malaria infected red blood cells release small regulatory RNAs through extracellular vesicles
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Journal Article
Malaria infected red blood cells release small regulatory RNAs through extracellular vesicles
2018
Overview
The parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
causes the most severe form of malaria. Cell communication between parasites is an important mechanism to control population density and differentiation. The infected red blood cells (iRBCs) release small extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transfer cargoes between cells. The EVs synchronize the differentiation of the asexual parasites into gametocytes to initiate the transmission to the mosquito. Beside their role in parasite communication, EVs regulate vascular function. So far, the exact cargoes responsible for cellular communication remain unknown. We isolated EVs from cultured iRBCs to determine their small RNA content. We identified several types of human and plasmodial regulatory RNAs. While the miRNAs and tRNA-derived fragments were the most abundant human RNAs, we also found Y-RNAs, vault RNAs, snoRNAs and piRNAs. Interestingly, we found about 120 plasmodial RNAs, including mRNAs coding for exported proteins and proteins involved in drug resistance, as well as non-coding RNAs, such as rRNAs, small nuclear (snRNAs) and tRNAs. These data show, that iRBC-EVs carry small regulatory RNAs. A role in cellular communication is possible since the RNAs were transferred to endothelial cells. Furthermore, the presence of
Plasmodium
RNAs, in EVs suggests that they may be used as biomarker to track and detect disease.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 14/19
/ 38
/ 38/71
/ 38/77
/ 38/91
/ 42
/ 45
/ 96
/ Cell Communication - genetics
/ Cell Differentiation - genetics
/ Endothelial Cells - parasitology
/ Extracellular Vesicles - genetics
/ Extracellular Vesicles - parasitology
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Malaria
/ Plasmodium falciparum - pathogenicity
/ RNA
/ Science
/ tRNA
