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Highly modified and immunoactive N-glycans of the canine heartworm
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Journal Article
Highly modified and immunoactive N-glycans of the canine heartworm
2019
Overview
The canine heartworm (
Dirofilaria immitis
) is a mosquito-borne parasitic nematode whose range is extending due to climate change. In a four-dimensional analysis involving HPLC, MALDI-TOF–MS and MS/MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic digestions, we here reveal an N-glycome of unprecedented complexity. We detect N-glycans of up to 7000 Da, which contain long fucosylated HexNAc-based repeats, as well as glucuronylated structures. While some modifications including LacdiNAc, chitobiose, α1,3-fucose and phosphorylcholine are familiar, anionic N-glycans have previously not been reported in nematodes. Glycan array data show that the neutral glycans are preferentially recognised by IgM in dog sera or by mannose binding lectin when antennal fucose and phosphorylcholine residues are removed; this pattern of reactivity is reversed for mammalian C-reactive protein, which can in turn be bound by the complement component C1q. Thereby, the N-glycans of
D. immitis
contain features which may either mediate immunomodulation of the host or confer the ability to avoid immune surveillance.
The glycome of parasites can have immunomodulatory properties or help to avoid immune surveillance, but details are unknown. Here, Martini et al. characterize the N-glycome of the canine heartworm, reveal an unprecedented complexity, particularly in anionic N-glycans, and determine recognition by components of the immune system.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 1988
/ 49/61
/ Animals
/ C-Reactive Protein - immunology
/ C-Reactive Protein - metabolism
/ Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods
/ Dirofilaria immitis - chemistry
/ Dirofilaria immitis - immunology
/ Dirofilariasis - parasitology
/ Dogs
/ Female
/ Fucose
/ Glycan
/ High-performance liquid chromatography
/ Host-Parasite Interactions - immunology
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Immunologic Surveillance - immunology
/ linked
/ Male
/ Mannose
/ otocols
/ ott al
/ p167
/ p307
/ pe2209
/ Polysaccharides - immunology
/ Polysaccharides - metabolism
/ Proteins
/ Science
/ Science & Technology - Other Topics
/ Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods
/ v110
/ v1503
/ v67
