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Seasonal variation and removal efficiency of antibiotic resistance genes during wastewater treatment of swine farms
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Seasonal variation and removal efficiency of antibiotic resistance genes during wastewater treatment of swine farms
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Journal Article
Seasonal variation and removal efficiency of antibiotic resistance genes during wastewater treatment of swine farms
2017
Overview
The seasonal variation and removal efficiency of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including tetracycline resistance genes (
tet
G,
tet
M, and
tet
X) and macrolide (
erm
B,
erm
F,
ere
A, and
mef
A), were investigated in two typical swine wastewater treatment systems in both winter and summer. ARGs, class 1 integron gene, and 16S rRNA gene were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. There was a 0.31–3.52 log variation in ARGs in raw swine wastewater, and the abundance of ARGs in winter was higher than in summer.
tet
M,
tet
X,
erm
B,
erm
F, and
mef
A were highly abundant. The abundance of ARGs was effectively reduced by most individual treatment process and the removal efficiencies of ARGs were higher in winter than in summer. However, when examining relative abundance, the fate of ARGs was quite variable. Anaerobic digestion reduced the relative abundance of
tet
X,
erm
B,
erm
F, and
mef
A, while lagoon treatment decreased
tet
M,
erm
B,
erm
F, and
mef
A. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) decreased
tet
M,
erm
B, and
erm
F, but biofilters and wetlands did not display consistent removal efficiency on ARGs in two sampling seasons. As far as the entire treatment system is concerned,
erm
B and
mef
A were effectively reduced in both winter and summer in both total and relative abundance. The relative abundances of
tet
G and
ere
A were significantly correlated with
int
I1 (
p
< 0.01), and both
tet
G and
ere
A increased after wastewater treatment. This may pose a great threat to public health.
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Animals
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
/ Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
/ Bacteria
/ Drug Resistance, Microbial - genetics
/ Earth and Environmental Science
/ Farms
/ Genes
/ Lagoons
/ quantitative polymerase chain reaction
/ RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
/ Seasons
/ Studies
/ Summer
/ Sustainable Development and Public Health
/ Swine
/ wetlands
/ Winter
