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Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics following electrical stimulation exercises in spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial
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Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics following electrical stimulation exercises in spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial
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Journal Article
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics following electrical stimulation exercises in spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial
2025
Overview
We examined the combined effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation-resistance training (NMES-RT) and functional electrical stimulation-lower extremity cycling (FES-LEC) compared to passive movement training (PMT) and FES-LEC on mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and citrate synthase (CS) in adults with SCI
.
Thirty-two participants with chronic SCI were randomized to 24 weeks of NMES-RT + FES [n = 16 (14 males and 2 females) with an age range of 20–54 years old] or PMT + FES [n = 16 (12 males and 4 females) with an age range of 21–61 years old]. The NMES-RT + FES group underwent 12 weeks of surface NMES-RT using ankle weights followed by an additional 12 weeks of FES-LEC. The PMT + FES performed 12 weeks of passive leg extension movements followed by an additional 12 weeks of FES-LEC. Using repeated measures design, muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were performed at baseline (BL), post-intervention 1 (P1) and post-intervention 2 (P2). Spectrophotometer was used to measure ETC complexes (I-III) and CS using aliquots of the homogenized muscle tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure skeletal muscle CSAs. A time effect was noted on CS
(P
=
0.001
) with an interaction between both groups
(P
=
0.01
). 46% of the participants per group had zero activities of CI without any changes following both interventions. A time effect was noted in CII (
P
=
0.023
) following both interventions. Finally, NMES-RT + FES increased CIII at P1 compared to BL (
P
= 0.023) without additional changes in P2 or following PMT + FES intervention. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy may potentially enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics after SCI. NMES-RT is likely to enhance the activities of complex III in sedentary persons with SCI. Clinical trials # NCT02660073.
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Ankle
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Biopsy
/ Electric Stimulation Therapy - methods
/ Female
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Mitochondria, Muscle - metabolism
/ Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
/ Muscle, Skeletal - pathology
/ Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology
/ Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
/ Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
/ Original
/ Resistance Training - methods
/ Spinal Cord Injuries - metabolism
/ Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology
/ Spinal Cord Injuries - rehabilitation
