Journal Article

Chemical Profiling of Polar Lipids and the Polyphenolic Fraction of Commercial Italian Phaseolus Seeds by UHPLC-HRMS and Biological Evaluation

Colarusso, Ester, De Felice, Vincenzo, Fantasma, Francesca, Chini, Maria Giovanna, Marigliano, Noemi, Maione, Francesco, Saviano, Gabriella, Schettino, Anna, Bifulco, Giuseppe, Iorizzi, Maria, Casapullo, Agostino, Samukha, Vadym, D’Urso, Gilda, Lauro, Gianluigi

2024

Overview

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the oldest food crops in the world. In this study, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) technique was used to characterize the polar lipid composition and polyphenolic fraction of five bean varieties commonly consumed in Italy: Cannellino (PVCA), Controne (PVCO), Borlotti (PVBO), Stregoni (PVST), and Vellutina (PVVE). Lipid content represents a minor fraction of the whole metabolome in dry beans, and little is known about their polar lipids, which could be potentially bioactive components. Thirty-three compounds were detected through UHPLC-MS/MS, including oxylipins, phospholipids, N-acyl glycerolipids, and several fatty acids. The dichloromethane extracts were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), with the results showing greater differentiation for the Borlotti variety. Moreover, 27 components belonging to different polyphenol classes, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, catechins, anthocyanins and their glycosides, and some saponins, were identified in the hydroalcoholic seed extracts. In addition, the mineral content of the beans was determined. Considering the high number of compounds in the five apolar seed extracts, all samples were examined to determine their in vitro inhibitory activity against the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is inducible in inflammatory cells and mediates inflammatory responses. Only PVCO showed the best inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme with an IC50 = 31.15 ± 2.16 µg/mL. In light of these results, the potential anti-inflammatory properties of PVCO were evaluated in the LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cell line J774A.1. Herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, that PVCO at 30 µg/mL can significantly reduce the release of TNF-α, with a less significant anti-inflammatory effect being observed in terms of IL-6 release.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,MDPI
• Subject: Animals / Anthocyanins / Anti-inflammatory agents / Anti-Inflammatory Agents - analysis / Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry / Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology / Beans / Chemistry / Chromatography / Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods / Common beans / Composition / Cyclooxygenase-2 / Dichloromethane / Enzymes / Fatty acids / Flavonoids / food fingerprint / Glycosides / High performance liquid chromatography / Identification and classification / Inflammation / Italy / LC-MS/MS / Legumes / Lipid composition / Lipids / Lipids - analysis / Lipids - chemistry / Macrophages / Macrophages - drug effects / Macrophages - metabolism / Mass spectrometry / Mass spectroscopy / Measurement / Mice / NMR / Nuclear magnetic resonance / nutraceuticals / Phaseolus - chemistry / Phaseolus vulgaris / Phaseolus vulgaris L / Phenolic acids / Phenols / Phospholipids / Physiological aspects / Plant Extracts - chemistry / Plant Extracts - pharmacology / Plant lipids / polar lipids / Polyphenols / Polyphenols - analysis / Polyphenols - chemistry / Polyphenols - pharmacology / Principal components analysis / RAW 264.7 Cells / Saponins / Scientific imaging / Seeds / Seeds - chemistry / Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods / Tumor necrosis factor-α