Journal Article

Chitin–glucan and pomegranate polyphenols improve endothelial dysfunction

Delzenne, Nathalie M., Bindels, Laure B., Daube, Georges, Taminiau, Bernard, Neyrinck, Audrey M., Dessy, Chantal, Catry, Emilie, Cani, Patrice D.

2019

Overview

The vascular dysfunction is the primary event in the occurrence of cardio-vascular risk, and no treatment exists until now. We tested for the first time the hypothesis that chitin-glucan (CG) - an insoluble fibre with prebiotic properties- and polyphenol-rich pomegranate peel extract (PPE) can improve endothelial and inflammatory disorders in a mouse model of cardiovascular disease (CVD), namely by modulating the gut microbiota. Male Apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE−/−) mice fed a high fat (HF) diet developed a significant endothelial dysfunction attested by atherosclerotic plaques and increasing abundance of caveolin-1 in aorta. The supplementation with CG + PPE in the HF diet reduced inflammatory markers both in the liver and in the visceral adipose tissue together with a reduction of hepatic triglycerides. In addition, it increased the activating form of endothelial NO-synthase in mesenteric arteries and the heme-nitrosylated haemoglobin (Hb-NO) blood levels as compared with HF fed ApoE−/− mice, suggesting a higher capacity of mesenteric arteries to produce nitric oxide (NO). This study allows to pinpoint gut bacteria, namely Lactobacillus and Alistipes , that could be implicated in the management of endothelial and inflammatory dysfunctions associated with CVD, and to unravel the role of nutrition in the modulation of those bacteria.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
• Subject: 13 / 13/106 / 38 / 38/23 / 59 / 631/443 / 64 / 64/60 / 692/499 / 82 / 82/80 / Adipose tissue / Animals / Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology / Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use / Aorta / Aorta - metabolism / Aorta - pathology / Apolipoprotein E / Apolipoproteins E - genetics / Arteries / Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis - etiology / Atherosclerosis - microbiology / Atherosclerosis - prevention & control / Bacteria / Bacteroidetes - drug effects / Bacteroidetes - pathogenicity / Blood levels / Cardiovascular diseases / Caveolin / Caveolin 1 - metabolism / Caveolin-1 / Chitin / Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects / Dietary supplements / Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism / Gastroenterology & hepatology / Gastroentérologie & hépatologie / Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects / Heme / Hemoglobin / High fat diet / Human health sciences / Humanities and Social Sciences / Inflammatory diseases / Intestinal microflora / Lactobacillus - drug effects / Lactobacillus - pathogenicity / Liver / Male / Mesenteric Arteries - metabolism / Mesenteric Arteries - pathology / Mice / Microbiota / multidisciplinary / Nitric oxide / Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism / Plant extracts / Plant Extracts - pharmacology / Plant Extracts - therapeutic use / Plaques / Polyphenols / Polyphenols - pharmacology / Polyphenols - therapeutic use / Polysaccharides - pharmacology / Polysaccharides - therapeutic use / Pomegranate - chemistry / Science / Science (multidisciplinary) / Sciences de la santé humaine / Triglycerides