Journal Article

Biogenic selenium nanoparticles and selenium/chitosan-Nanoconjugate biosynthesized by Streptomyces parvulus MAR4 with antimicrobial and anticancer potential

Hassan, Mervat G., El-Shora, Hamed M., Hamed, Ahmed A., Baraka, Dina M., Hawwa, Mariam T.

2024

Overview

Background As antibiotics and chemotherapeutics are no longer as efficient as they once were, multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens and cancer are presently considered as two of the most dangerous threats to human life. In this study, Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) biosynthesized by Streptomyces parvulus MAR4, nano-chitosan (NCh), and their nanoconjugate (Se/Ch-nanoconjugate) were suggested to be efficacious antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Results SeNPs biosynthesized by Streptomyces parvulus MAR4 and NCh were successfully achieved and conjugated. The biosynthesized SeNPs were spherical with a mean diameter of 94.2 nm and high stability. Yet, Se/Ch-nanoconjugate was semispherical with a 74.9 nm mean diameter and much higher stability. The SeNPs, NCh, and Se/Ch-nanoconjugate showed significant antimicrobial activity against various microbial pathogens with strong inhibitory effect on their tested metabolic key enzymes [phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and nitrate reductase (NR)]; Se/Ch-nanoconjugate was the most powerful agent. Furthermore, SeNPs revealed strong cytotoxicity against HepG2 (IC 50  = 13.04 μg/ml) and moderate toxicity against Caki-1 (HTB-46) tumor cell lines (IC 50  = 21.35 μg/ml) but low cytotoxicity against WI-38 normal cell line (IC 50  = 85.69 μg/ml). Nevertheless, Se/Ch-nanoconjugate displayed substantial cytotoxicity against HepG2 and Caki-1 (HTB-46) with IC 50 values of 11.82 and 7.83 μg/ml, respectively. Consequently, Se/Ch-nanoconjugate may be more easily absorbed by both tumor cell lines. However, it exhibited very low cytotoxicity on WI-38 with IC 50 of 153.3 μg/ml. Therefore, Se/Ch-nanoconjugate presented the most anticancer activity. Conclusion The biosynthesized SeNPs and Se/Ch-nanoconjugate are convincingly recommended to be used in biomedical applications as versatile and potent antimicrobial and anticancer agents ensuring notable levels of biosafety, environmental compatibility, and efficacy.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Acids / Anti-infective agents / Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology / Antibiotics / Anticancer / Anticancer properties / Antimicrobial / Antimicrobial activity / Antimicrobial agents / Antimitotic agents / Antineoplastic agents / Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology / Antioxidants / Antitumor activity / Antitumor agents / Bacteria / Biocompatibility / Biological Microscopy / Biological products / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedical materials / Biopolymers / Biosafety / Biosynthesis / Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles / Cancer / Cell Line, Tumor / Chemotherapy / Chitin / Chitosan / Chitosan - pharmacology / Cytotoxicity / Dehydrogenase / Dehydrogenases / Enzymes / Fungi / Glucose / Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase / Glucosephosphate dehydrogenase / Gram-positive bacteria / Health aspects / Humans / Life Sciences / Metabolism / Metabolites / Microbiological synthesis / Microbiology / Microorganisms / Multidrug resistance / Mycology / Nanoconjugates / Nanoparticles / Nitrate reductase / Nitrates / Parasitology / Pathogens / Pharmaceutical research / Phosphoglucose isomerase / Physiological aspects / Production processes / Pyruvic acid / Reductases / Salicylates / Sediments / Selenium / Selenium - metabolism / Selenium - toxicity / Selenium/chitosan-nanoconjugate / Spectrum analysis / Stability / Streptomyces / Streptomyces parvulus / Toxicity / Tumor cell lines / Tumors / Virology