Journal Article

Dietary fat and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the USA: a case–control study

Chiu, Brian C.-H., Ershow, Abby G., Gridley, Gloria, Lynch, Charles F., Brock, Kaye E., Cantor, Kenneth P.

2009

Overview

An increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been linked with obesity. However, there is limited information about the contribution of dietary fat and fat-related food groups to RCC risk. A population-based case–control study of 406 cases and 2434 controls aged 40–85 years was conducted in Iowa (1986–89). For 323 cases and 1820 controls from the present study, information on dietary intake from foods high in fat nutrients and other lifestyle factors was obtained using a mailed questionnaire. Cancer risks were estimated by OR and 95 % CI, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, obesity, hypertension, physical activity, alcohol and vegetable intake and tea and coffee consumption. In all nutrient analyses, energy density estimates were used. Dietary nutrient intake of animal fat, saturated fat, oleic acid and cholesterol was associated with an elevated risk of RCC (OR = 1·9, 95 % CI 1·3, 2·9, Ptrend < 0·001; OR = 2·6, 95 % CI 1·6, 4·0, Ptrend < 0·001; OR = 1·9, 95 % CI 1·2, 2·9, Ptrend = 0·01; OR = 1·9, 95 % CI 1·3, 2·8, Ptrend = 0·006, respectively, for the top quartile compared with the bottom quartile of intake). Increased risks were also associated with high-fat spreads, red and cured meats and dairy products (OR = 2·0, 95 % CI 1·4, 3·0, Ptrend = 0·001; OR = 1·7, 95 % CI 1·0, 2·2, Ptrend = 0·01; OR = 1·8, 95 % CI 1·2, 2·7, Ptrend = 0·02; OR = 1·6, 95 % CI 1·1, 2·3, Ptrend = 0·02, respectively). In both the food groups and nutrients, there was a significant dose–response with increased intake. Our data also indicated that the association of RCC with high-fat spreads may be stronger among individuals with hypertension. These findings deserve further investigation in prospective studies.

• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• Subject: administration & dosage / Adult / adverse effects / age / Aged / Aged, 80 and over / alcoholic beverages / Biological and medical sciences / Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Carcinoma, Renal Cell - epidemiology / Carcinoma, Renal Cell - etiology / Case studies / Case-Control Studies / cholesterol / complications / Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic / cured meats / Dairy products / Diabetes / Diet / Dietary fat / Dietary Fats / Dietary Fats - administration & dosage / Dietary Fats - adverse effects / Dietary Surveys and Nutritional Epidemiology / Energy consumption / epidemiology / etiology / Exercise / fat intake / Feeding. Feeding behavior / Female / Food / Food groups / Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology / Health risks / high fat diet / high-fat spreads / Humans / Hypertension / Hypertension - complications / Hypertension - epidemiology / Iowa / Iowa - epidemiology / Kidney cancer / kidney cells / kidney diseases / Kidney Neoplasms / Kidney Neoplasms - epidemiology / Kidney Neoplasms - etiology / Life Style / Male / men / Middle Aged / neoplasms / Nutrients / Nutrition research / Obesity / obesity-related diseases / oleic acid / physical activity / Questionnaires / red meat / Regression analysis / Renal cell carcinoma / risk assessment / Risk Factors / saturated fatty acids / smoking (habit) / spreads / Tumors / vegetable intake / vegetables / Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems / White people / women