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The intermediate sperm type and genitalia of Zorotypus shannoni Gurney: evidence supporting infraordinal lineages in Zoraptera (Insecta)
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The intermediate sperm type and genitalia of Zorotypus shannoni Gurney: evidence supporting infraordinal lineages in Zoraptera (Insecta)
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Journal Article
The intermediate sperm type and genitalia of Zorotypus shannoni Gurney: evidence supporting infraordinal lineages in Zoraptera (Insecta)
2015
Overview
The sperm ultrastructure and the male and female genital apparatus of
Zorotypus shannoni
were examined and documented in detail, mainly using transmission electron microscopy micrographs. The findings suggest an evolutionary trend shared with
Z. hubbardi
and
Z. impolitus
. The three species are characterized by enlarged mitochondrial derivatives and related modifications. Giant sperm are probably a synapomorphy of
Z. hubbardi
and
Z. impolitus
, whereas an intermediate condition of this feature is found in
Z. shannoni.
The monophyletic origin of
Z. caudelli
,
Z. magnicaudelli
,
Z. huxleyi
and
Z. weidneri
is suggested by characteristically modified axonemes. The presence of extra-acrosomal material is also an unusual feature for Zoraptera, but this condition also occurs in the majority of polyneopteran groups. The long and convoluted female spermathecal duct with secretory and duct-forming cells is a constant feature in Zoraptera. The enlarged seminal receptacle suggests an evolutionary link between the male genital structures and the sperm size on one hand, and the size of the female spermatheca on the other. The small and otherwise uniform group Zoraptera exhibits a remarkable variation of sperm types and genital structures, suggesting the impact of different types of selection. It is likely that cryptic female choice plays a major role in shaping the genital apparatus.
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
