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Criteria for Action in Population Health: The Hill Criteria a Half Century Later
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Criteria for Action in Population Health: The Hill Criteria a Half Century Later
Criteria for Action in Population Health: The Hill Criteria a Half Century Later
Journal Article

Criteria for Action in Population Health: The Hill Criteria a Half Century Later

2015
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Overview
In January 1965, Sir Bradford Hill stood before the Section of Occupational Medicine of the Royal Society of Medicine in London and delivered his famous speech 'The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?' Generations of public health students have memorized his 9 points: strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, and analogy. While few, if any, well-trained epidemiologists or statisticians today would hold fast to what Hill called his 9 viewpoints,2 some, especially in the legal arena, do use these criteria and rigid statistical probability levels as the means of literally judging the scientific legitimacy of experimental or epidemiological evidence. In liability cases where experts are challenged in what are called Daubert hearings, lawyers sometimes invoke Hills tests for causation in efforts to persuade judges to disqualify opposing experts as witnesses. Adapted from the source document.