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Bioinformatics roadmap for therapy selection in cancer genomics
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Bioinformatics roadmap for therapy selection in cancer genomics
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Journal Article
Bioinformatics roadmap for therapy selection in cancer genomics
2022
Overview
Tumour heterogeneity is one of the main characteristics of cancer and can be categorised into inter‐ or intratumour heterogeneity. This heterogeneity has been revealed as one of the key causes of treatment failure and relapse. Precision oncology is an emerging field that seeks to design tailored treatments for each cancer patient according to epidemiological, clinical and omics data. This discipline relies on bioinformatics tools designed to compute scores to prioritise available drugs, with the aim of helping clinicians in treatment selection. In this review, we describe the current approaches for therapy selection depending on which type of tumour heterogeneity is being targeted and the available next‐generation sequencing data. We cover intertumour heterogeneity studies and individual treatment selection using genomics variants, expression data or multi‐omics strategies. We also describe intratumour dissection through clonal inference and single‐cell transcriptomics, in each case providing bioinformatics tools for tailored treatment selection. Finally, we discuss how these therapy selection workflows could be integrated into the clinical practice. Intertumour heterogeneity and intratumour heterogeneity have been revealed as key causes of treatment failure and relapse. This review aims to provide a bioinformatics roadmap and general guidelines to propose anticancer data‐driven treatment strategies for bulk and single‐cell omics data in order to target tumour heterogeneity. Moreover, we discuss how these workflows could be integrated into the clinical practice.
