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miR-132 regulates antiviral innate immunity through suppression of the p300 transcriptional co-activator
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Journal Article
miR-132 regulates antiviral innate immunity through suppression of the p300 transcriptional co-activator
2010
Overview
Viral infection is shown to trigger CREB-mediated upregulation of miR-132. The interferon response is then downregulated by miR-132 through direct targeting of p300, a transcriptional co-activator, thereby facilitating viral replication.
MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression
1
. It has been proposed that microRNAs could function in the regulation of innate immunity
2
,
3
, but this has not been demonstrated for viral infection. Here we test this hypothesis using the human pathogenic virus Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and one of its putative natural cellular targets, primary lymphatic endothelial cells
4
(LECs). We show that an early antiviral microRNA response (6 h post-infection) includes expression of microRNAs that enhance viral gene expression. In particular, the CREB-induced miR-132 microRNA is highly upregulated after infection and has a negative effect on the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, facilitating viral replication. We show a similar function for miR-132 during infection of monocytes with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). miR-132 regulates innate antiviral immunity by inhibiting expression of the p300 transcriptional co-activator. p300 is downregulated early after KSHV infection, and inhibition of miR-132 induction restores p300 expression. Furthermore, p300 regulates miR-132 levels, revealing a dynamic equilibrium between miR-132 and p300. By targeting p300, rather than a transcription factor or signalling protein, miR-132 has a broad role in the regulation of antiviral immunity.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Cytomegalovirus - immunology
/ E1A-Associated p300 Protein - antagonists & inhibitors
/ E1A-Associated p300 Protein - genetics
/ Endothelial Cells - immunology
/ Endothelial Cells - virology
/ Gene Expression Regulation - immunology
/ Herpesvirus 1, Human - immunology
/ Herpesvirus 8, Human - immunology
/ Humans
/ Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
/ letter
/ RNA
/ Sarcoma
