Journal Article

An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 2: impacts on organisms and ecosystems

Gibbons, David, Pisa, Lennard, McField, Melanie, MacQuarrie, Chris J. K., Mitchell, Edward, Sánchez-Bayo, Francisco, Giorio, Chiara, Aebi, Alexandre, Goulson, Dave, Long, Elizabeth Yim, Yang, En-Cheng, Bonmatin, Jean-Marc, van der Sluijs, Jeroen, Bijleveld van Lexmond, Maarten

2021

Overview

New information on the lethal and sublethal effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on organisms is presented in this review, complementing the previous Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) in 2015. The high toxicity of these systemic insecticides to invertebrates has been confirmed and expanded to include more species and compounds. Most of the recent research has focused on bees and the sublethal and ecological impacts these insecticides have on pollinators. Toxic effects on other invertebrate taxa also covered predatory and parasitoid natural enemies and aquatic arthropods. Little new information has been gathered on soil organisms. The impact on marine and coastal ecosystems is still largely uncharted. The chronic lethality of neonicotinoids to insects and crustaceans, and the strengthened evidence that these chemicals also impair the immune system and reproduction, highlights the dangers of this particular insecticidal class (neonicotinoids and fipronil), with the potential to greatly decrease populations of arthropods in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Sublethal effects on fish, reptiles, frogs, birds, and mammals are also reported, showing a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity of these insecticides in vertebrates and their deleterious impacts on growth, reproduction, and neurobehaviour of most of the species tested. This review concludes with a summary of impacts on the ecosystem services and functioning, particularly on pollination, soil biota, and aquatic invertebrate communities, thus reinforcing the previous WIA conclusions (van der Sluijs et al. 2015 ).

• Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V,Springer Verlag
• Subject: Animals / Aquatic biota / Aquatic environment / aquatic invertebrates / Aquatic organisms / Aquatic Pollution / Arthropoda / Arthropods / Bees / Biota / Coastal ecosystems / Crustaceans / death / Earth and Environmental Science / Ecological effects / Ecosystem / Ecosystem services / Ecosystems / Ecotoxicology / Environment / Environmental Chemistry / Environmental Health / Environmental impact / Environmental science / Fipronil / fish / Frogs / Immune system / Insect ecology / Insecticides / Insecticides - analysis / Insecticides - toxicity / Insects / Invertebrates / Lethality / Life Sciences / Marine ecosystems / Natural enemies / Neonicotinoid insecticides / Neonicotinoids / Nitro Compounds / Organisms / parasitoids / Pesticides / Plant reproduction / Pollination / Pollinators / Reproduction (biology) / Reptiles / Shellfish / soil / soil biota / Soils / Sublethal effects / Toxicity / Vertebrates / Waste Water Technology / Water Management / Water Pollution Control / Worldwide Integrated Assessment of the Impact of Systemic Pesticides on Biodiversity and Ecosystems