Journal Article

Estimating the risk of acute kidney injury associated with use of diuretics and renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors: A population based cohort study using the clinical practice research datalink

May, Margaret T., Caskey, Fergus, Scott, Jemima, Jones, Tim, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Redaniel, Maria Theresa

2019

Overview

Background The risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) attributable to renin angiotensin aldosterone (RAAS) inhibitors and diuretics remains unclear. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2008–2015) linked to Hospital Episode Statistics – Admitted Patient Care and Office for National Statistics mortality data. Patients were included if they had one or more chronic diagnoses requiring medication. Exposed patients had a first ever prescription for RAAS inhibitors/diuretics during the study period. AKI risk associated with exposure was determined by multivariable Cox regression, propensity score-adjusted Cox regression and a prior event rate ratio (PERR) analysis. Results One hundred forty thousand nine hundred fifty-two individuals were included. Increased AKI risk in the exposed group was demonstrated in both the multivariable and propensity score-adjusted cox regressions (HR 1.23 (95% CI 1.04–1.45) and HR 1.24 (1.05–1.47) respectively). The PERR analysis provided a similar overall hazard ratio with a wider confidence interval (HR 1.29 (0.94–1.63)). The increased AKI risk in the exposed group was present only in those receiving two or more antihypertensives. Absolute AKI risk was small. Conclusions RAAS inhibitors/diuretics result in an increased risk of AKI. The absolute increase in AKI risk is small, however, and needs to be considered in the context of any potential benefits.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Acute kidney injury / Age / Aldosterone / Angiotensin / Angiotensins / Antihypertensives / Blood pressure / Cardiovascular disease / Chronic illnesses / Clinical medicine / Codes / Cohort analysis / Comorbidity / Data collection / Diabetes / Diuretics / Epidemiology and Health Outcomes / Glucocorticoids / Health aspects / Health risk assessment / Hospital patients / Hospitals / Hypertension / Internal Medicine / Kidney diseases / Kidneys / Medical coding / Medical records / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Mortality / Nephrology / Patients / Population studies / Population-based studies / Practice research / Registration / Renin / Renin-angiotension-aldosterone inhibitors / Research Article / Retirement benefits / Statistical analysis / Studies / United Kingdom