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Recombination of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Features, Possible Mechanisms, and Future Directions
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Recombination of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Features, Possible Mechanisms, and Future Directions
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Journal Article
Recombination of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Features, Possible Mechanisms, and Future Directions
2024
Overview
Recombination is a pervasive phenomenon in RNA viruses and an important strategy for accelerating the evolution of RNA virus populations. Recombination in the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was first reported in 1999, and many case reports have been published in recent years. In this review, all the existing reports on PRRSV recombination events were collected, and the genotypes, parental strains, and locations of the recombination breakpoints have been summarized and analyzed. The results showed that the recombination pattern constantly changes; whether inter- or intra-lineage recombination, the recombination hotspots vary in different recombination patterns. The virulence of recombinant PRRSVs was higher than that of the parental strains, and the emergence of virulence reversion was caused by recombination after using MLV vaccines. This could be attributed to the enhanced adaptability of recombinant PRRSV for entry and replication, facilitating their rapid propagation. The aim of this paper was to identify common features of recombinant PRRSV strains, reduce the recombination risk, and provide a foundation for future research into the mechanism of PRRSV recombination.
Publisher
MDPI AG,MDPI
Subject
/ Analysis
/ Animals
/ Genomes
/ Genotype
/ Hogs
/ Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
/ Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome - virology
/ Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus - classification
/ Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus - genetics
/ Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus - pathogenicity
/ PRRSV
/ Review
/ RNA
/ Swine
/ Vaccines
/ Viruses
