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Inequality of household consumption and air pollution-related deaths in China
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Journal Article
Inequality of household consumption and air pollution-related deaths in China
2019
Overview
Substantial quantities of air pollution and related health impacts are ultimately attributable to household consumption. However, how consumption pattern affects air pollution impacts remains unclear. Here we show, of the 1.08 (0.74–1.42) million premature deaths due to anthropogenic PM
2.5
exposure in China in 2012, 20% are related to household direct emissions through fuel use and 24% are related to household indirect emissions embodied in consumption of goods and services. Income is strongly associated with air pollution-related deaths for urban residents in which health impacts are dominated by indirect emissions. Despite a larger and wealthier urban population, the number of deaths related to rural consumption is higher than that related to urban consumption, largely due to direct emissions from solid fuel combustion in rural China. Our results provide quantitative insight to consumption-based accounting of air pollution and related deaths and may inform more effective and equitable clean air policies in China.
Considering air pollution-induced health risks from a consumption perspective is important. Here the authors evaluated the premature deaths resulting from household consumption across 30 Chinese provinces and find that rural households can cause a similar number of pollution-induced deaths as urban households despite a larger and wealthier urban population, due to the combustion of solid fuel.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 704/844
/ Air Pollution - adverse effects
/ Asian People - statistics & numerical data
/ China
/ Environmental Exposure - adverse effects
/ Environmental Exposure - analysis
/ Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data
/ Environmental Policy - legislation & jurisprudence
/ Environmental Policy - trends
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Mortality, Premature - ethnology
/ Mortality, Premature - trends
/ Particulate Matter - analysis
/ Rural Health - statistics & numerical data
/ Science
