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A conserved immunogenic and vulnerable site on the coronavirus spike protein delineated by cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies
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A conserved immunogenic and vulnerable site on the coronavirus spike protein delineated by cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies
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Journal Article
A conserved immunogenic and vulnerable site on the coronavirus spike protein delineated by cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies
2021
Overview
The coronavirus spike glycoprotein, located on the virion surface, is the key mediator of cell entry and the focus for development of protective antibodies and vaccines. Structural studies show exposed sites on the spike trimer that might be targeted by antibodies with cross-species specificity. Here we isolated two human monoclonal antibodies from immunized humanized mice that display a remarkable cross-reactivity against distinct spike proteins of betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and the endemic human coronavirus HCoV-OC43. Both cross-reactive antibodies target the stem helix in the spike S2 fusion subunit which, in the prefusion conformation of trimeric spike, forms a surface exposed membrane-proximal helical bundle. Both antibodies block MERS-CoV infection in cells and provide protection to mice from lethal MERS-CoV challenge in prophylactic and/or therapeutic models. Our work highlights an immunogenic and vulnerable site on the betacoronavirus spike protein enabling elicitation of antibodies with unusual binding breadth.
Here, the authors report the isolation and characterization of two human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from immunized mice with trimeric spike ectodomains of three human betacoronaviruses HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV and MERSCoV, and show that while exhibiting cross-reactivity, the mAbs only neutralize MERS-CoV but not SARS-CoV nor SARS-CoV-2, likely due to the subtle epitope differences in the spike S2 fusion subunit.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 13/1
/ 13/31
/ 64
/ 64/60
/ 82/1
/ 82/51
/ Animals
/ Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - immunology
/ Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use
/ Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
/ Antibodies, Neutralizing - therapeutic use
/ Antibodies, Viral - immunology
/ Betacoronavirus - classification
/ Betacoronavirus - immunology
/ Camelus
/ Coronavirus Infections - drug therapy
/ Coronavirus Infections - virology
/ COVID-19
/ Epitopes
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Mice
/ Middle East respiratory syndrome
/ Proteins
/ Science
/ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
/ Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry
/ Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics
/ Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
/ Trimers
/ Virions
