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Link between bacterial communities and contrasted loads in ectoparasitic monogeneans from the external mucus of two wild sparid species (Teleostei)
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Link between bacterial communities and contrasted loads in ectoparasitic monogeneans from the external mucus of two wild sparid species (Teleostei)
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Journal Article
Link between bacterial communities and contrasted loads in ectoparasitic monogeneans from the external mucus of two wild sparid species (Teleostei)
2024
Overview
Background
While teleost fishes represent two thirds of marine vertebrates, the role of their external microbiota in relationship with their environment remains poorly studied, especially in wild populations. Hence, the interaction of their microbiota with ectoparasites is largely unknown. Microbiota can act as a protective barrier against pathogens, and/or be involved in host recognition by parasites. Thus, host-parasite associations should now be considered as a tripartite interplay where the microbiota shapes the host phenotype and its relation to parasites. Monogeneans (Platyhelminthes) are direct life cycle ectoparasites commonly found on teleost skin and gills. The role of bacterial communities within skin and gill mucus which either pre-exist monogeneans infestation or follow it remain unclear. This is investigated in this study using the association between Sparidae (Teleostei) and their specific monogenean ectoparasites of the
Lamellodiscus
genus. We are exploring specificity mechanisms through the characterization of the external mucus microbiota of two wild sparid species using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing. We investigated how these bacterial communities are related to constrated
Lamellodiscus
monogeneans parasitic load.
Results
Our results revealed that the increase in
Lamellodiscus
load is linked to an increase in bacterial diversity in the skin mucus of
D. annularis
specimens. The date of capture of
D. annularis
individuals appears to influence the
Lamellodiscus
load. Correlations between the abundance of bacterial taxa and
Lamellodiscus
load were found in gill mucus of both species. Abundance of
Flavobacteriaceae
family was strongly correlated with the
Lamellodiscus
load in gill mucus of both species, as well as the potentially pathogenic bacterial genus
Tenacibaculum
in
D. annularis
gill mucus. Negative correlations were observed between
Lamellodiscus
load and the abundance in
Vibrionaceae
in gill mucus of
D. annularis
, and the abundance in
Fusobacteria
in gill mucus of
P. acarne
specimens, suggesting potential applications of these bacteria in mitigating parasitic infections in fish.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the dynamic nature of fish microbiota, in particular in relation with monogeneans infestations in two wild sparid species. More generally, this study emphasizes the links between hosts, bacterial communities and parasites, spanning from the dynamics of co-infection to the potential protective role of the host’s microbiota.
